1. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How can reform influence society and beliefs?
The Reformation
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How can reform influence society and beliefs?

2. TEKS and Objectives We will… I will…
(1D) identify major causes and describe major effects of the Reformation (25C) explain the relationship among Christianity, individualism, and growing secularism that began with the Renaissance and how the relationship influenced subsequent political developments (27C) explain the impact of the printing press on the Renaissance and the Reformation in Europe
Analyze Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses to derive his opinion about Catholic Church Practices
Create a meme about an event from the Protestant Reformation

3. Protestant Reformation
Movement to reform (change) abuses in the Catholic Church

4. Causes of the Reformation
Renaissance Ideas
Humanism
Secularism
Corrupt Church Officials
sought money/power
Secret spouses/children
Indulgences
Pardons for sin
Allowed sinner to enter Heaven
Sold by Pope and other members of clergy

5. Martin Luther and the Ninety-Five Theses
German monk
Discontent with Church practices
The Ninety-Five Theses
Said to have posted “complaints” on door of Castle Church in Wittenberg
Established Lutheran Church
Pope excommunicated Luther (expelled) from Catholic Church
Reformers known as first Protestants

6. Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses
Journal Entry #17
Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses
6. The Pope cannot forgive any guilt, except by declaring and showing that it has been forgiven by God. If his right to grant forgiveness in these cases were disregarded, the guilt would certainly remain unforgiven.
27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of purgatory [a place between Heaven and Hell, where the soul awaits judgment] immediately after the money clinks in the bottom of the chest.
28. It is certainly possible that when the money clinks in the bottom of the chest, avarice and greed increase…
32. Those who believe that they can be certain of their salvation because they have indulgence letters will be eternally damned, together with their teachers.
How did Luther feel about the selling of indulgences? Give at least two specific examples from the Ninety-Five Theses to support your answer.

7. The Rise of Lutheranism
Printing Press Spread Luther’s ideas
Translated New Testament to German
Pamphlets to persuade others
German princes
Protected/helped Luther
Seized Church lands
Many adopted Protestantism

8. Calvinism John Calvin New Protestant Church in Switzerland
Predestination
belief God has already decided who will be saved

9. Effects of Reformation
End of Religious Unity
Led to century of warfare between Protestants and Catholics
Thirty Years War in Germany
Persecution
Rulers forced their faith on subjects
Persecution of religious minorities
Growth of Royal Power
Power of Catholic Church diminished

11. The Counter-Reformation
Catholic Church’s reaction to Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent
Reaffirmed Catholic teachings
Indulgences forbidden
Banned Protestant books
Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuits
Spanish missionaries
Defended and spread Catholicism

12. The Inquisition
Tribunals (courts) for people accused of heresy (religious crimes)
Spanish Inquisition
Most violent and cruel (torture and executions)
Targeted Muslims and Jews

13. TEKS and Objectives We will… I will…
(1D) identify major causes and describe major effects of the Reformation (25C) explain the relationship among Christianity, individualism, and growing secularism that began with the Renaissance and how the relationship influenced subsequent political developments (27C) explain the impact of the printing press on the Renaissance and the Reformation in Europe
Analyze Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses to derive his opinion about Catholic Church Practices
Create a meme about an event from the Protestant Reformation