1. Andrew Jackson:

2. Background
Monroe Doctrine: Europeans can’t colonize in Western Hemisphere- why?
MO Compromise: Henry Clay, KY Senator
LA Purchase land divided slave / non slave
MO= slave state
ME= Free state
WHY? Impact?

3. Background Henry Clay’s “American System”- 3 needs:
National Bank to fund economy
Tariffs to protect northern business
Railroads to connect north and south
John Quincy Adams likely to succeed Monroe (won’t run for third term because GW didn’t) because the Secretary of State traditionally succeeded President
Andrew Jackson- War hero from 1812

4. Champion of the “Common Man”?
Essential Question:
Champion of the “Common Man”?
“King” Andrew? OR

5. What were the
democratic
trends
in the 19c?

6. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

7. Voter Turnout:

8. Why Increased Democratization?
White male suffrage increased
Party nominating committees.
Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.
Spoils system.
Rise of Third Parties.
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)
Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:
Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)
Democrats (1828)

9. Jackson's
Early
Life

10. Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

11. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

12. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

13. Jackson's
First
Presidential Run

14. The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

15. William H. Crawford [GA]
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
Henry Clay [KY]
John Quincy Adams [MA]
John C. Calhoun [SC]
William H. Crawford [GA]

16. Results of the 1824 Election
A “Corrupt Bargain?”
Back room deals in House seal Adams victory

17. Does the system work?

18. What were
the key issues
in 1828?

19. 1828 Election Results

20. The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

21. The New “Jackson Coalition”
The Planter Elite in the South
People on the Frontier
State Politicians – spoils system
Immigrants in the cities.

22. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man”
Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege.
His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

23. The Democratic Party Formed after the 1828 election of Jackson
Organized by Martin Van Buren ( sec. of state and VP under Jackson)
Plans to revive Jeffersonian ideals- states’ rights and little federal spending
Unite planters of south and common man of north
Includes Jackson, Van Buren, Calhoun

24. The Reign of “King Mob”

25. Andrew Jackson as President

26. The
Nullification
Issue
States’ Rights- still an issue

27. 1830
Webster (Sen.): Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.
Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved.
Calhoun (V.P.): The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

28. The
Tariff
Issue
Tariff’s date back to Clay’s American System- the north and south working together to produce goods and was meant to give the northern industry an advantage over foreign products

29. 1832 Tariff Conflict 1828 --> “Tariff of Abomination”
meant to protect US industries
> “Tariff of Abomination”
Hurts southern economy
Forced to buy expensive goods from north rather than cheaper British goods

30. Jackson's
Native-American
Policy

31. Indian Removal 1830  Indian Removal Act
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832)
“Cherokees = Independent Nation”

32. Marshall’s Decision
The Cherokee nation, then, is a distinct community, occupying its own territory, with
boundaries accurately described, in which the laws of Georgia can have no force, and
which the citizens of Georgia have no right to enter, but with the assent of the Cherokees
themselves, or in conformity with treaties, and with the acts of congress. The
Jackson’s Response: “ John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!”

33. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

34. Indian Removal

35. Trail of Tears ( )

36. Jackson’s Professed “Love” for Native Americans

37. Renewing
the Charter
of the
1st National Bank

38. Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

39. The National Bank Debate
President Jackson
Nicholas Biddle

40. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S.
“Soft” (paper) $
“Hard” (specie) $
state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely.
supported rapid economic growth & speculation.
felt that coin was the only safe currency.
didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes.
suspicious of expansion & speculation.

41. Why did Jackson oppose National Bank?
Concentrates Nations wealth in single institution
Exposes government to control of foreigners
Serves to make rich richer
Exercises control of members of Congress
Favors rich northeastern bankers over others

42. The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
“pet banks”?
1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went bankrupt!

43. The Downfall of “Mother Bank”

44. An 1832 Cartoon:
“King Andrew”?

45. 1832 Election Results
Main
Issue?

46. The Specie Circular (1836) “wildcat banks.”
State licensed banks
buy future federal land only with gold or silver.
Jackson’s goal?

47. Results of the Specie Circular
Banknotes loose their value.
Land sales plummeted.
Credit not available.
Businesses began to fail.
Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!

48. The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

49. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

50. Andrew Jackson in Retirement

51. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)