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Published byRodney O’Neal’ Modified over 6 years ago
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When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer.
The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the normal period of time.
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Uncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing lump, or tumour.
Tumours may be benign - generally does not affect surrounding cells or malignant - cancerous. Cancer cells that break away from original tumour to a different part of the body and grow in this new location, a new tumour will form. This process is called metastasis (meh.-tass- ta-sis)
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Normal duplication of DNA in a cell is error free.
Sometimes random changes occur in the cell’s DNA called mutations. Changes may cause: No noticable change in cell Death of the cell Cancer
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Tobacco smoke Radiation Some viruses Chemicals Organic solvents.
Some mutations are caused by carcinogens, environmental factors that cause cancer. Examples include: Tobacco smoke Radiation Some viruses Chemicals Organic solvents.
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Health Canada reports that 9 out of 10 lung cancer cases are caused by smoking.
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Even when tobacco is chewed it can cause cancer – mouth, throat and stomach cancer.
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Radiation can cause skin cancer.
Are tanning beds safer than tanning in the sun?
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ASR ASR ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year
121 71 62 22 20 16 14 13 12 10 ASR 106 49 41 19 14 12 10 8 In women, after leukemia, next is kidney (n= 1650, ASR= 8), then cervix (n= 1350, ASR= 8), then bladder (n= 1250, ASR= 6) ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per per year NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005
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ASR ASR ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year
63 27 26 9 8 7 6 5 ASR 40 24 17 8 7 6 4 3 In women, after uterus, next is multiple myeloma (n= 590), kidney (n= 570), bladder (n=500), cervix (n= 400, ASR= 2) ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per per year NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005
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Personal medical history Hereditiy ( breast and colon cancer)
Exposure to carcinogens in the environment Lifestyle choices: exercise and food choices Question: Which factors are within your control?
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Question: Does screening guarantee you won’t get cancer?
At home, as part of a routine self-examination By a doctor, such as a pap test or blood test As genetic testing, when there is a family history of cancer Question: Does screening guarantee you won’t get cancer? Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer
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The earlier a cancer is diagnosed, the better the chances of successful treatment.
Some diagnostic imaging techniques: Endoscopy – used mostly to diagnose cancers of the digestive tract
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2. X-rays Bones, lungs and breast tissues
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3. Ultrasound – use sound waves to take pictures of soft tissue (heart and liver)
Baby Four chambers of heart
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Tiny spot of lung cancer
4. CT scan – multiple x-rays put together by computer to generate a 3-D image Tiny spot of lung cancer
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5. MRI – radio waves and magnetic field create a 3-D image even better than a CT scan
MRI – breast cancer
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What are the PROS and CONS of each type of treatment?
1. Surgery – Physical removal of tumour 2. Chemotherapy – Drugs spread through the body to stop cancer cells from dividing. As they “kill” cancer cells they can damage healthy cells. Radiation therapy – Radiation damages DNA. Beams of radiation are directed at tumour, or radioactive sources are surgically implanted in tumour. 4. Biophotonics (NEW) - uses beams of light to detect and treat the cancer cells. What are the PROS and CONS of each type of treatment?
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