1. Chapter 2E Lesson 1: What are Atoms and Elements?
Atoms & Elements
Chapter 2E
Lesson 1: What are Atoms and Elements?

2. The Atomic Theory
Theory is that matter is made of of tiny particles that cannot be divided.
Democritus was a philosopher that proposed that the particles were too small to be seen!
Aristotle believed that matter was not made of any particles.

3. John Dalton
Dalton’s Atomic Theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
John Dalton was an English chemist.

4. The Structure of an Atom
. *About 5 million atoms could be line up across a period at the end of a sentence. *Atoms are also made of subatomic particles.

5. The “Atoms Family”
In the center of Matterville, there is a place called the Nucleus Arcade, where two members of the Atoms Family like to hang out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is quite large with a huge smile and eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero expression (o). Her family is very apathetic and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda, and their sisters spend all their time at the arcade.

6. Subatomic Particles
Nucleus: is the very center of an atom. The Nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.
*Remember, in the town of Matterville, there is the Nucleus arcade where the protons and neutrons hang out.

7. Subatomic Particles Name: Patty Proton Description: *Positive
*Inside Nucleus
*Big
Proton: is a subatomic particle with a positive charge.

8. Subatomic Particles Name: Nelda Neutron Description: *Neutral
*Inside Nucleus
*Big
Neutron: a subatomic particle with no charge.

9. More.. About the “Atoms Family”
Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will find a series of roadways that are used by another member of the Atoms Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott races madly around the Arcade on his bright red chrome- plated Harley-Davidson. He rides so fast that no one can be sure where he is at any time. Elliott is much smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is always angry because these bigger relatives will not let him in the Arcade. He has a frown on his face, eyes that are squinted with anger, and a very negative (-) attitude.

10. Subatomic Particles Name: Elliott Electron Description: *Negative
*Outside of the nucleus
*very small
*very fast

11. The first energy street can only hold only two Electron brothers
The first energy street can only hold only two Electron brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy Freeway, can hold 8 brothers. The third energy street, called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the brothers.
Matterville
Energy Superhighway Can hold 18 electrons
Energy Freeway Can hold 8 electrons
Nucleus Arcade Contains protons & neutrons
Energy Street Can hold 2 electrons

12. Niels Bohr In 1913 Niels Bohr proposed the structure of an atom.
Part of what holds the atoms together is the attraction of the postive and negative electrons.
Protons > Electros = Positive Charge
Electrons > Protons = Negative Charge
Protons = Electrons = Neutral Atom

13. The morale of Matterville is stable as long as each negative Electron brother is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of residents in Matterville depends on the Proton and Neutron families.
Challenge: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron was kidnapped?

14. Challenge 2: What would happen to the morale of Matterville if one Elliott Electron moved to Matterville?

15. Elements
Element is a substance that is made up of only one kind of atom.
Gold is an elements. If one atom is taken from the element of gold it is STILL gold.

16. Atomic Number
Atomic Number: is the amount of protons that are in one atom of that element.
The Atomic number is the number at the very top of this element. What is it?

17. Common Elements Look in your book on page E41.
What are some of the elements that you see? How are they used?

18. Molecules
Some elements do not occur alone. Some are linked together (two or more) to create molecules.

19. Metals Did you know…. Elements are classified by their properties
¼ of all elements are classified as non-metals. The rest are metals.
Metals have many familiar properties

20. Metal Properties Malleable
They can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets.
Example: Foil used to cover food is a thin sheet of aluminum.

21. Metal Properties… Ductile
They can be formed into wires. Copper and aluminum are used in electric wiring.

22. Metal Properties..
Conductors: are made of materials that electricity can flow through easily. These materials are made of atoms whose electrons can move freely.
Watch how metal conducts electricity:
Watch how metal conducts heat:

23. Metal Properties…
Insulators: are materials opposite of conductors. The atoms are not easily freed and stable, preventing or blocking the flow of electricity.
Examples:
Glass
Porcelain
Plastic
Rubber

24. Electricity FUN FACTS
If you had a lamp on the moon connected to a switch in your house, it would only take 1.28 seconds for it to light up 238,857 miles away!
Water is a good conductor of electricity and your body is made up of 60% water. So, if you tough electricity, electricity will flow through you and you could get hurt. Be sure to play it safe!
One lightning strike can generate 100 million to 1 billion volts of electricity. The temperature of electricity is hotter than the surface of the sun!

25. Chapter 2E Lesson 2: What are Compounds?
Atoms & Elements
Chapter 2E
Lesson 2: What are Compounds?

26. Who came up with the Periodic Table?
A Russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev organized elements by their atomic masses.
*He noticed that if the elements were put in order some properties would have predictable patterns.

27. The Periodic Table The Periodic Table Song:
Elements are arranged in order of their atomic number.
They are also arranged so elements with similar properties are in the same column.

28. The Periodic Table

29. More about the Periodic Table…
Every element in the table has an abbreviation called a chemical symbol.
As new elements were discovered, the periodic table was filled in.
Even today more elements are being added to the Periodic Table!

30. Compounds Most elements are joined with other elements in compounds.
Compound is a substance made of the atoms of two or more elements.
When elements come together a chemical change happens.
Water:
H2O
Table Salt:
NaCl