1. Biology I Biochemistry, Atoms, Subatomic Particles, Elements
3.00_Chemistry of Biology
Biology I Biochemistry, Atoms, Subatomic Particles, Elements
Slides 1-28

2. The Chemical Context of Life
CHEMISTRY FOR BIOLOGY
The Chemical Context of Life

3. Why Are We Studying Chemistry
Biology has chemistry at its foundation

4. What is Biochemistry? Biochemistry = chemistry of life.
Biochemists use physical and chemical principles to explain biology at the molecular level.
Basic principles of biochemistry are common to all living organism

5. How Does Biochemistry Impact You?
Medicine
Agriculture
Industrial applications
Environmental applications

6. Principle Areas of Biochemistry
Structure and function of biological macromolecules
Metabolism – anabolic and catabolic processes.
Molecular Genetics – How life is replicated. Regulation of protein synthesis

7. Chemistry of Life Atoms, Elements, & Compounds Chemical Reactions
Water and Solutions
The Building Blocks of Life

8. Chemistry of Life
Elements: simplest form of a substance - cannot be broken down any further without changing what it is
Atom: the actual basic unit - composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons of atoms = elements

9. Atom Chemistry is the study of matter.
Atoms are the building blocks of matter.
Neutrons and protons are located at the center of the atom called the nucleus.
Protons are positively charged particles (p+).
Neutrons are particles that have no charge (n0).
Electrons are negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus (e-).

10. The Basics Everything is made of matter Matter is made of atoms
Atoms are made of:
protons + mass of nucleus
neutrons 0 mass of nucleus
electrons - mass << orbits
Just like cells are the basic unit of life, the ATOM is the basic unit of matter.
They are very small. If placed side by side one million would stretch a distance of 1cm.
Different kinds of atoms = elements

11. Atoms Atoms have 3 components: protons, neutrons, and electrons
The type of element (carbon, iron, etc. ) is entirely determined by how many protons are in the nucleus.
protons and neutrons are in the nucleus
Protons have a +1 charge
Neutrons have no charge
Electrons circle around the nucleus, in a series of shells.
Electrons have a -1 charge
Chemical bonds are created by movements of the electrons between atoms
The number of protons determines which element the atom is.
Hydrogen: 1 proton, carbon = 6 protons, oxygen = 8 protons.
Biological and chemical processes never change the number of protons in any atom.
Normally, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, so the atom has no electrical charge: it is neutral.

12. Atomic structure determines behavior
The number of protons in an atom determines the element
# of protons = atomic number
this also tells you # of electrons
All atoms of an element have same chemical properties
all behave the same
properties don’t change

13. 3 quarks = 1 proton or 1 neutron
Subatomic Particles
Quarks
component of protons & neutrons
6 types He
3 quarks = 1 proton or 1 neutron

14. Atoms

15. Models of Atom

16. ATOMIC MASS = 4 (PROTONS & NEUTRONS)
Electrons
Electrons are not present within the nucleus, instead THEY REVOLVE AROUND THE NUCELUS OF THE ATOM & FORM THE ELECTRON CLOUD
NEUTRONS
PROTONS
ATOMIC # = 2 (PROTONS)
ATOMIC MASS = 4 (PROTONS & NEUTRONS) - + +
ELECTRONS -

17. Atoms The weight of one proton or neutron.
Amu-stands for atomic mass unit. It's a very small unit of mass used to express the mass of atoms and molecules, conceptually equal to 1 gram divided by Avogadro’s constant.  An atomic mass unit is approximately 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
Atoms

18. Electron Cloud
In the 1920’s scientists determined that electrons do not orbit the nucleus like planets. Instead, they can be found anywhere in a cloudlike region around the nucleus. (the cloud is a visual model)
An electron’s movement is related to its energy level. or specific amount of energy it has.
Electrons of different energy levels are likely to be found in different places of the ‘cloud’.

20. Modern Model
The modern model describes an atom as consisting of a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud-like region of moving electrons. The number of protons always equals the number of electrons. This ensures that the overall atom is neutral. The number of neutrons does not have to equal the number of protons. Neutrons don’t affect the charge of an atom because they have no charge.

21. Particle Masses Compared
It takes almost 2000 electrons to equal the mass of just one proton.
A proton and a neutron are about equal in mass.
Atoms are too small to describe with everyday units of mass (grams, kilograms). Scientists use units known as Atomic Mass Units (AMU) to describe the mass of atoms and its particles. A proton or neutron has a mass equal to about one amu (atomic mass unit).

22. Scale & Size of Atoms
Most of the volume of an atom is the space in which the electrons move (electron cloud). The nucleus is extremely small compared to the size of the overall atom.
In a speck of dust there may be 10 million billion atoms.

23. Atomic Number
Every atom of an element has the same number of protons. Ex/ Every atom of carbon (C) has 6 protons.
The number of protons in the nucleus is called the Atomic Number.
Atomic number identifies an element.

24. Elements
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
There are 118 known elements, 92 of which occur naturally.
Each element has a unique name and symbol.
All of this data, and more, are collected in an organized table called the periodic table of elements.

25. Elements
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
There are 118 known elements, 90 of which occur naturally.
25 were synthesized (made) by scientists
Each element has a unique name and symbol.

26. Life requires – 25 chemical elements
About 25 elements are essential for life
Four elements make up 96% of living matter:
carbon (C) • hydrogen (H)
oxygen (O) • nitrogen (N)
Four elements make up most of remaining 4%:
phosphorus (P) • calcium (Ca)
sulfur (S) • potassium (K)

27. Naturally Occurring Elements in Human Body

28. Elements Song Element Song
Element Song

29. Elements Song The NEW Periodic Table Song (Updated)