1. Please form teams of 5-8 people
Exam 1 Jeopardy

2. Viruses and other nasties
How do you science?
Viruses and other nasties
Prokaryotes
Big Words
Anything Else
100
200
300
400
500

3. How do you science? 100
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

4. Answer
A hypothesis is a testable, falsifiable explanation for something
A theory is an explanation for some given phenomenon

5. How do you science? 200
What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis?

6. Answer
A hypothesis must be falsifiable, testable, and make predictions
Hypotheses cannot be proven false or true. By falsifiable, it just means that it has to be able to be rejected

7. How do you science? 300
What are the steps of the scientific method in the CORRECT order?

8. Answer
Develop a hypothesis, make observations and conduct an experiment, reject or fail your hypothesis, make a conclusion and tweak your hypothesis (if needed)

9. How do you science? 400
According to the following list, which is NOT true?
A) Hypotheses MUST be able to be rejected
B) Hypotheses are educated guesses to learn about the scientific world
C) All hypotheses must be rejected once to be truly accepted in science
D) Hypotheses cannot be proven true or false

10. Answer
C is false! Hypotheses are sometimes supported after the first experiment

11. How do you science? 500
Define what deductive and inductive reasoning is. Also, give an example of each and explain why it is so.

12. Answer
Deductive reasoning is when an observation brings about a general statement.
Example: Daisies are a type of flower. Flowers are autotrophs. Daisies are autotrophs.
Inductive reasoning is when a pattern is observed, and a generalization is concluded, based on the pattern
Example: I started eating more apples the week before my race, and I ran the fastest I ever have. The more apples I ate, the faster I was. If I continue to eat apples, I will become a faster runner

13. Viruses and other nasties 100
What is uncoating?

14. Answer
Uncoating is when a virus fuses to a host cell’s membrane. The host cell then forms a bubble around the virus, allowing the virus to enter and infect the cell

15. Viruses and other nasties 200
What are satellites?

16. Answer
Satellites are viruses that depend on a helper virus. This help virus not only allows the virus to reproduce, but it also assists in infecting the cell

17. Daily Double! 400 points
What kind of bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan as well as lipopolysaccharides?

18. Answer for Daily Double
Gram negative bacteria have both peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides

19. Viruses and other nasties 300
Which of the following is a trait that all viruses have?
A) ribosomes
B) cytokinesis
C) plastima
D) capsid

20. Answer
D! A capsid, this is evidence of common ancestry. All viruses share this
A capsid is a just a protein shell that surrounds the virus

21. Viruses and other nasties 400
Which hypothesis states that viruses came from transposons?

22. Answer
Progressive hypothesis

23. Viruses and other nasties 500
What is the cycle in viruses in which the virus destroys the host cell during reproduction?

24. Answer
Lytic

25. Prokaryotes 100
What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?

26. Answer
Unicellular, small, fall into either archaea or bacteria class

27. Prokaryotes 200
Which of the following is NOT a reason why prokaryotes are so successful?
A) osmoconforming
B) simplicity
C) mobile D) reproductive capability

28. Answer
A is false! Though they can survive in varying ranges of salinity, they cannot change themselves due to the salinity

29. Prokaryotes 300
What are prokaryotes’ walls made of? What is the function of the cell wall?

30. Answer
The cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan (carb and protein mix). The walls provide protection from the environment as well as rigidity

31. Prokaryotes 400
What is something that prokaryotes don’t have, that eukaryotes do. In addition, where do prokaryotes store their DNA?

32. Answer
Prokaryotes do not have organelles like eukaryotes, therefore they don’t have a nucleus. Instead, the genetic info is held in the nucleoid region
NOTE!! They also have a plasmid which is a second genome of DNA

33. Prokaryotes 500
You are given an antibiotic that stops the formation of enzymes from peptidoglycan. Which prokaryote would be most susceptible to this treatment?

34. Answer
Gram positive. This antibiotic attacks the formation of enzymes from peptidoglycan. We know that gram positive prokaryotes have a thicker outer layer of peptidoglycan, so they would be affected by this treatment.

35. Big Words 100
What is abiogenesis?

36. Answer
Abiogenesis is the hypothesis that stated life arose from chemical precursors

37. Big Words 200
What is endosymbiosis?

38. Answer
Endosymbiosis is a theory that attempts to describe the origin of eukaryotes. A prokaryote engulfed bacteria and eventually lead to more complex organisms with organelles

39. Big Words 300
What is the lysogenic cycle?

40. Answer
This is when a virus gets incorporated into the host DNA (called a provirus). Virus does not reproduce when it is at this stage

41. Big Words 400
What is a prion and a viroid? How are they different?

42. Answer
A prion is subviral agent that causes proteins to fold incorrectly. And viroids are a circular strand of naked RNA. The main difference is that prions can affect the host organism much quicker.

43. Big Words 500
What is conjugation? What important structure is needed for this to happen?

44. Answer
Prokaryote reproduction which allows DNA to be exchanged between each prokaryote due to the sex pilus formed
Not every prokaryote reproduces in this way, not all have sex pilus

45. Anything Else 100
True or false: cyanobacteria are chemoautotrophic

46. Answer
False! Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophs. Chemoautotrophs use chemical compounds to synthesize

47. Anything Else 200
Once Earth had oxygen present, what organisms could flourish?
A) chemoautotrophs
B) obligate aerobes
C) falcultative aerobes
D) obligate anaerobes

48. Answer
B! These need oxygen for respiration

49. Anything Else 300
How did mitochondria evolve?

50. Answer
From engulfed, originally free-standing prokaryotes.

51. Anything else 400
What allows bacteria to attach to a surface, and also helps them move while being able to assist in reproductive processes?

52. Answer
Pili

53. Anything Else 500
Which of the three domains contains organisms that thrive in unlikely environments (eg: hot, salty, wet/dry climates)

54. Answer
Domain Archaea