1. LAW CODES & CODES OF BEHAVIOR

2. Twelve Tables When: Classical Civilizations, 400’s BCE
Where: Roman Republic, Western Europe
What:
First code of laws written for such a large group of people
Included upper & lower class rules
Effects on society: Civilizations started to write laws instead of making them up as they go. Roman laws greatly influenced later culture’s legal systems (Europe & USA)

3. Justinian Code When: Post-Classical Civilizations, 500s CE
Where: Byzantine Empire, Eastern & Western Europe
What: - A more extensive law code incorporation past legal decisions & Roman Emperor rulings
United the Byzantine Empire with the Catholic Church
Effects on society: Used throughout Europe to unite people. Became basis for Western European laws

4. Hammurabi’s Code When: Ancient World, 1700s BCE
Where: Babylonia – in the Tigris & Euphrates River Valley of the Middle East
What:
First code of laws
had strict rules & harsh punishments
Different rules for different classes of people
Effects on society: Code was posted for all citizens to see. Encouraged later civilizations to write down laws

5. Napoleonic Code When: Age of Revolutions, 1804
Where: French Empire (after French Revolution)
What:
Napoleon’s code of laws
uniform (same) set of laws for all of France
stopped privileges based on birth
allowed freedom of religion
specified that gov’t jobs should go to most qualified
Effects on society: Influenced all Western European & USA

6. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
When: Post WWII, 1948
Where: global
What:
Defined the human rights of people of the world after WWII as a response to the Holocaust
Document adopted by all UN nations
Effects on society: nations decide if they want to actually follow the rules. Establishes a court system for individuals or countries who break the rules

7. Ten Commandments When: Ancient World, 2000s BCE
Where: Middle East and later global
What:
established a moral set of behaviors expected by monotheistic religions – Judaism & Christianity
Effects on society: rules transferred to other religions and influenced non-religious laws as well

8. Sharia Law When: Post Classical Middle East, 600s - present
Where: Middle East, other Muslim majority countries
What:
Sharia is NOT a written code of laws, but is a set of guiding values and behaviors derived from the Koran (Islamic Holy Book)
Different Muslim countries follow them more or less strictly
Effects on society: Used in Theocratic states. Interpreted differently in different countries and punishments vary by nation/region

9. Feudal Codes When: Middle Ages, 500s – 1200s
Where: Chivalry – Western Europe
Bushido – Japan
What:
Codes of conduct for warrior classes (Chivalry for European Knights, Bushido for Japanese Samurai)
Based on loyalty to feudal leader, honor among each other, and bravery in battle
Effects on society: codes established the role of soldiers in a society and behavioral guidelines

10. Sample Multiple Choice Questions3 4 2