2. Oscar Wilde Aesthetism: Art for Art’s sake Criticism of society Irony
Wit

3. Joseph Conrad Born in Poland
Joined British merchant marine and was granted British nationality
Considered an early modernist
The Heart of Darkness (1899)

4. VICTORIAN REALISM AND MODERNISM

5. Victorian Realism Representation of daily life
Moral purpose – to instruct
Focus on society and its problems
Generally optimistic
Plot and characters clearly described, not very poetic
For popular consumption

6. Modernism Break from tradition The world is what people perceive it is
There is no such thing as absolute truth
Alienation, loss and despair
Life is unordered
Concern with the sub-conscious (Freud) and with individual thought

7. CONSCIOUS BREAK from traditional styles of poetry and verse
EXPERIMENTATING with literature form and expression

8. Stream of Consciousness
Meant to mimic human thought
No chapter or sentences, but thought flow
Mimics how human associate different ideas
Lack of punctuation or traditional grammar

9. O that awful deepdown torrent O and the sea the sea crimson sometimes like fire and the glorious sunsets and the figtrees in the Alameda gardens yes and all the queer little streets and the pink and blue and yellow houses and the rosegardens and the jessamine and geraniums and cactuses and Gibraltar as a girl where I was a Flower of the mountain yes when I put the rose in my hair like the Andalusian girls used or shall I wear a red yes and how he kissed me under the Moorish wall and I thought well as well him as another and then I asked him with my eyes to ask again yes and then he asked me would I yes to say yes my mountain flower and first I put my arms around him yes and drew him down to me so he could feel my breasts all perfume yes and his heart was going like mad and yes I said yes I will Yes.
Passage from Ulysses by James Joyce

10. Free indirect speech / discourse
Third person narration which mixes third person with the essence of first person
Slips in and out of people's minds and thoughts

11. Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself.
For Lucy had her work cut out for her. The doors would be taken off their hinges; Rumpelmayer’s men were coming. And then, thought Clarissa Dalloway, what a morning — fresh as if issued to children on a beach.
What a lark! What a plunge! For so it had always seemed to her, when, with a little squeak of the hinges, which she could hear now, she had burst open the French windows and plunged at Bourton into the open air.
Passage from Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf 

12. AUTHORS

13. James Joyce (1882-1941) Always wrote about Dublin
Famous for writing about human consciousness in a world that was
changing
Use of time and inner word
Epiphanies

14. Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) Literary and intellectual upbringing
Member of Bloomsbury Group
Wanted to give voice to complex inner world of feeling and memory
Moments of insight where characters can see reality of daily life

15. Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) “ the prophet of British Imperialism”
English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist
Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature
The Jungle Book, Kim,
The White Man's Burden, If

16. The White Man's Burden: The United States and The Philippine Islands (1899)
Take up the White Man's burden, Send forth the best ye breed   Go bind your sons to exile, to serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild—   Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden, In patience to abide,   To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain   To seek another's profit, And work another's gain.

18. Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) Tried to fight in WWI, but he couldn't
Part of Bloomsbury Group
Focused on the dehumanising aspects of scientific progress and pacifism

19. BRAVE NEW WORLD Set in London in the year AD 2540
Focused on Depression era, England's problems
Conditioning of citizens to accept their lives
Comfortable lives lead them to not think about anything

20. George Orwell (1903-1950) 1984 Political parties and power
Imperial policeman in Burma
Explored poor parts of London
Focused primarily on poverty in writing
Political parties and power
War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is Strength
Brainwashing citizens to accep their lives

21. WAR POETS & MODERNIST POETS

22. WAR POETRY
Some soldiers started to think that they were fighting for was pointless. And some young soldiers started to write poetry.

23. SIEGFRIED SASSOON (1886-1967) He fought in the war
In 1917 he protested the continuation of war
Was sent to hospital for shell shock

24. WILFRED OWEN (1893-1918) Fought in WWI
Became friends with S. Sassoon at a hospital
Was killed one week before WWI ended
Dulce et Decorum Est

25. William Butler Yeats
( )
Irish author
He was NOT a war poet

26. The Lake Isle of Innisfree
I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made;
Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honey-bee,
And live alone in the bee-loud glade.
And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow,
Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;
There midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
And evening full of the linnet’s wings.
I will arise and go now, for always night and day
I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;
While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey,
I hear it in the deep heart’s core.

27. T. S. ELIOT (1888-1965) "one of the twentieth century's major poets"
Born in the US moved to England at the age of 25 - eventually naturalised renouncing his American citizenship
Nobel Prize in Literature
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
The Waste Land

28. The Waste Land Famously obscure Disilusionment of post-war generation
Allusions
Fragmentation
The Waste Land

29. DRAMA

30. G. B. SHAW (1856-1950) Born in Ireland, moved to London very young
some consider him the second greatest English playwright, behind only Shakespeare
established drama as serious literature
Nobel Prize in Literature
Pygmalion