1. Acids, Bases and Salts
BASES
ACIDS
SALTS

2. ACIDS = “acidus” (latin word) meaning sour.
The word acids comes from one of its characteristic properties, its taste.
ACIDS = “acidus” (latin word) meaning sour.

3. Acids
An acid is a substance that releases H+ ions in an aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution that contains water.
HCl  H+ + Cl-

4. Bases BASES Bases are substances that are
very slippery to touch and have
a strong bitter taste.

5. Bases
A base is a substance that releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution
NaOH  Na+ + OH-

6. Salts are formed by the bonding of a metal with a non-metal.
They are often used to change the physical properties of various solutions by lowering the freezing points or raising the boiling points

7. Salts
Salts dissolve in water to produce ions (not including H+ or OH-)
NaCl  Na+ + Cl-

8. (USED TO DETECT ACIDS OR BASES)
INDICATORS
(USED TO DETECT ACIDS OR BASES)
Litmus paper is a type of indicator
(thin strip of paper that is dipped into a solution)
2 Types: Blue Litmus Paper
Red Litmus Paper
ACIDS – Turn blue litmus paper red
BASES – Turn red litmus paper blue BB

9. Indicators
SALTS
– most salts are neutral

10. Indicators INDICATORS
An indicator is a chemical used to tell if a liquid is an acid, base or neutral
Phenolphthalein is another type of indicator
Bases turn clear phenolphthalein pink
INDICATORS

11. Properties of Acids, Bases and Salts
Electrolyte
Magnesium
Taste/
Touch
Litmus
Paper
ACID
H+ ions
YES
Reaction to produce hydrogen
Sour
Turns
red
BASE
OH- ions
No Reaction
Bitter/
Slippery
Blue
SALT
Other ions
Salty
No change in colour
Electrolytes – solutions that conduct electricity

12. NEUTRALIZATION ACID - BASE -
“Making a solution chemically neutral”
Chemically neutral – means does not contain an acid or base
ACID -
Neutralize it with a base
BASE -
Neutralize it with an acid
Acids and bases neutralize each other forming a salt and water
Ex. Acid + Base = Salt + water

13. REMEMBER... Acids, bases and salts conduct electricity Tap water
will conduct
(free ions around)
Distilled water
does not
conduct
(no free ions!)

14. Depends on the solution
KEY POINTS
Review chart: (very important!)
Electrical
Conductivity
Magnesium
Taste/
Touch
Litmus
Paper
ACID
YES
Reaction
Sour
Turns
red
BASE
No Reaction
Bitter/
Slippery
Blue
SALT
Salty
Depends on the solution

15. PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Worksheet # 1
Study guide, Module 3, page 2