1. Acids, Bases, and Salts

2. Acids
Definition:
An acid is a substance that produces H+ ions in solution

3. Able to conduct electricity
Properties of acids
Tastes sour
Corrosive: eats away at other materials. Causes burns and tissue damage
Able to conduct electricity

4. Forms H+ ions in solution
Properties of Acids
Forms H+ ions in solution
Examples include: gastric juices, vinegar, lemon juice, hydrochloric acid, aspirin, fertilizer, explosives
Litmus paper test: Turns litmus paper red

5. BAses
Definition:
A base is a substance that produces OH- ions in solution

6. Slippery feel. Strong bases can burn your skin
Properties of bases
Tastes bitter
Slippery feel. Strong bases can burn your skin
Able to conduct electricity

7. Forms OH- ions in solution
Properties of bases
Forms OH- ions in solution
Examples include: soap, ammonia, oven and drain cleaner, deodorant, laxatives
Litmus paper test: Turns litmus paper blue

8. Indicator
An indicator is a compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or base
Litmus paper is a common indicator.
It turns red in the presence of an acid
It turns blue in the presence of a base

9. The ph scale

10. The ph scale

11. The ph scale

12. Question
You have probably seen commercials for antacids that describe how well these products neutralize excess stomach acid.
Would the pH of the antacid be higher or lower than 7?
The answer is:
higher than 7

13. Neutralization Only a base can neutralize and acid
Only an acid can neutralize a base
Definition:
Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base

14. Neutralization
During a neutralization reaction, H3O+ ions from the acid combine with OH- ions from the base to produce water.
The reaction looks like this:
H3O+ + OH- = 2H2O

15. Neutralization
As the reactive H3O+ and OH- ions combine to form water, the acidic and basic properties of the reactants are canceled out, or neutralized
The equation only accounts for half of the ions present in the solution, though.
What happens to the remaining ions?
They react to form a salt.

16. Neutralization Definition:
A salt is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.

17. neutralization
Neutralization reactions are ionic. The equation below show what happens to all of the ions during a neutralization reaction.
HCl + NaOH = H2O + NaCl
(acid) (base) (water) (salt)

18. Neutralization
What do you think you will get if you combine hydrochloric acid with potassium hydroxide?
HCl + KOH = ?
(acid) (base)
Answer:
HCl + KOH = H2O + KCl
(acid) (base) (water) (salt)

19. Salts Many substances you come into contact with everyday are salts.
The most common is NaCl, table salt.
Most salts are composed of a metal and a nonmetal other than oxygen.
Salts can also be composed of a metal and a polyatomic ion. Ammonium salts contain the polyatomic ion NH4+ rather than a nonmetal.

20. salts
Salts also form when metals react with acids. Hydrogen gas is released during such reactions:
H2SO4 + Zn = ZnSO4 + H2
(acid) (metal) (salt) (hydrogen gas)

21. Neutralization reactions Have the following properties:
Water is formed
Precipitate (salt solid) is formed
Color can change
Heat can be given off
Gas can be given off