1. CHAPTER 2 VOCABULARY EARLY FARMERS AND CITY DWELLERS
Mr. Nicky’s Ancient Mesopotamia song

2. drought- long periods with little or no rain

3. California Drought of 2014

4. domesticate- adapt plants and tame animals for human use

5. Wheat

6. livestock- domesticated animals that provide resources for human use

7. agriculture- the knowledge of raising plants and animals for human use (10,000 years ago)

8. Agriculture and domestication 1st practiced in Abu Hureyra and Jericho

9. slash-and-burn farming- a method of farming requiring the farmer to clear and burn the trees and brush, and mix the ashes with soil to fertilize for the planting of crops.

10. surplus- more of something than is needed

11. terrace- method of farming where flat areas are built on the slopes of hills or mountains

12. plow- a tool used to cut, lift and turn over soil

13. irrigation- technique used to move water to land

14. Whites Bogs, NJ – Cranbury bog irrigation system

15. fertile- describes rich soil and land that plants need to grow

16. barter- to trade goods and/or services for other goods and/or services

17. pastoral society- a group of people living as nomads with herds of animals

18. division of labor- a system in which people do different jobs according to their abilities and the needs of the group

19. artisan- a worker who is skilled at crafting items by hand

20. merchant- a person who sells goods bought from traders

21. caravan- a group of traders travelling together

22. traveling caravans and modern caravans

23. social class- a group that has a specific level of importance in a society

24. government- an organized system of leaders and laws

25. Forms of Government
Monarchy- total government control with one ruler (Egypt)
Oligarchy- total government control with a small group of leaders with all the power (Sparta)
Democracy- moderate government control, majority rules (Athens)
Republic- moderate government control with voter elected leaders (Rome)
Anarchy- no government control with the absence of a leader

26. urban- relating to a city or cities

27. Suburban and Rural

28. taxation- a system in which people pay taxes to support a government

29. civilization- a society with specialized jobs, social classes, developed forms of religion and ways of governing

30. Mesopotamia Presented by: Mr. Corwin
*Clear your desk. You only need something to write with.
*Listen carefully as your answers to these questions will be scored as a formative assessment (QUIZ)

31. B.C and A.D
2017AD
Present
Farming
Begins
10,000BC
6,000BC
4,000BC
2,000BC
500AD
1,000AD
2,000AD
8,000BC
1,500AD
2,500AD
Before Christ- Our modern calendar was made around 500AD by a Christian monk. This is the period before the birth of Jesus.
Before Common Era- the new terminology used because not everyone practices the Christian religion
Backwards Chronology- easier understanding without changing form. The higher the number the further backwards in history.
Anno Domini- Latin meaning, In the time of our lord. This is the period after the birth of Jesus. NOT After Death
Common Era- the new terminology used because not everyone practices the Christian religion
Advancing Dates- easier understanding without changing form. The higher the number the further advancing in time.