1. CMA GPRC Annual Report Presented by Xiuqing(Scott) Hu
Contributor: Na Xu, Lin Chen, Ronghua Wu , Hanlie Xu, Ling Wang, Yuan Li, Ling Sun, Chengli Qi, Peng Zhang
National Satellite Meteorological Center(NSMC), CMA
March 1, 2016
2016 GSICS Annual Meeting , Tsukabu, Japan
Feb 29 ~ March 4, 2015

2. Outline Update of CMA GPRC and Fengyun Satellite Information
FY-2 GEO-LEO and FY-3C LEO-LEO IR toward demonstration products
Spectral response error and retrieval
Dunhuang site Vicarious calibration and lunar ground-based observation experiment
FY-3C/MERSI VIS/NIR integrated method for Nonlinear correction consideration
Other progresses in CMA GPRC

3. CMA GSICS Latest update
Before 2005: The FY-2A/2B IR calibration based on Vicarious Calibration using Qinghai Lake had no real-time/near real-time operational calibration.
2005: FY-2C is operationally calibrated based on inter-calibration using AVHRR and HIRS.
2007: FY-2D is operationally calibrated based on inter-calibration using AVHRR and HIRS.
2009: FY-2C/2D GSICS IR calibration experiment using the AIRS and IASI since Oct.
2011: GSICS method for the NRT operation calibration of FY-2D/E.
2013: FY-2D~2F satellites have been calibrated in the NRT by using of CIBLE method. In operation. GSICS calibration is used to monitoring the calibration bias using AIRS/IASI and CrIS.
2014: LEO-LEO IR Calibration monitoring for FY-3C/MERSI/VIRR/IRAS were incorporated into CMA GSICS system. GEO-LEO and LEO-LEO demo product ATBDs are done for review. FY-3C/MERSI and FY-2 Lunar calibration and DCC algorithm initiated.
2014: 2014: IASI L1.nc from EUMETSAT for FY-2 GSICS is used for operation processing. GOME-2 L1.nc/hdf from EUMETSAT for FY-2 VIS is ready and testing. We hope EUMETSAT will generate the IASI and GOME-2 L1.nc/hdf for FY-3C based on CMA SNO prediction.
2015: CMA GSICS new server’s Installation had completed since Feb, CMA THREDD was set down and also ready for data mirror between three GSICS servers.
2015: FY-2G IR GSICS began to run and FY-3 microwave sensor inter-calibration began to be constructed using ATMS and AMSRE and AMSR-2.
2015: Ground-based lunar observation system began to do including instrument testing and Lijiang formal experiments. The instrument improvement and Data processing is the next.
2015: CMA GSICS team is developing FY-3/FY-4 hyperspectral FTIR SDR algorithm.

4. Visiting to EUMESAT
Great appreciation to EUMETSAT for excellent exchange chance to CMA GPRC visiting scientist Lin Chen and technician Zhe Xu. Their visiting deepen the collaboration between CMA and EUMETSAT GPRC in GSICS science research and data sharing.
Suggestion to more these kind of scientists and engineers exchanges between other GPRCs

5. CMA Agency update in 2015
FY-3C operational running in June, 2014 and Its data quality and accuracy is largely better than FY-3A/3B.Unfortunely, the power system problem of FY-3C satellite since May 31, 2015 lead to two main sensors (MERSI and MWTS) turning off.
FY-2G was launched on December 31, 2014 and went to operation in June, Its staylight restriction and IR calibration is better than the previous.
The fourth satellite of FY-3 (FY-3D) will be launched at the late of 2016 (is earlier than the original plan because of FY-3C problem). The second generation geostationary satellite FY-4A will be launched at the end of 2016 or early 2017.
Satellite Requirement and instrument specification of the third batch of FY-3 serial satellite including 4 satellite (EM, AM, PM and Rainfall ) is determined and Early morning satellite will be launched in 2018 or later. CMA hopes to develop a SI-traceable demo instrument for FY-3 in the 3rd batch for the preparation of Chinese CLARREO-like satellite in the future.
Third generation Fengyun serial satellites FY-5/FY-6 began to be discussed and the high level design concept will be given within two years.

6. FY-2 running operation modification
Latest FY-2G was located at 104.5 E and replaced FY-2E operation. FY-2E was shifted to 86.5 E and FY-2D finished his mission and standby for backup .

7. Designing lifetime: 3 yrs 5 yrs 8 yrs
Current and Future FY-3 Series
Designing lifetime: 3 yrs yrs yrs
FY-3(3rd batch)
FY-3G
FY-3R
FY-3F
FY-3(2nd batch)
FY-3E
FY-3D
FY-3(1st batch)
FY-3C
FY-3B
FY-3A
FY-1C/1D AM PM EM
Rainfall
CMA hopes to develop a SI-traceable demo instrument for FY-3 in the 3rd batch. The possibility of this plan is being discussed between us and satellite manufacture

8. FY-3 hyperspectral HIRAS
Items
Specification
Scanning cycle
10 s（33 FORs)
FOV
1.1（16Km）
Scanning Line
29*4 FORs
Max Scanning Range
 50.4
Band
Spectral range
(cm-1)
Resolution
NET
@250K
chs
Longwave
650 *– 1136
（15.38 m-8.8 m）
0.625
0.15K
778
Midwave1
1210 – 1750
（8.26m-5.71 m）
1.25
0.1K
433
Midwave2
（4.64m-3.92 m）
2.5
0.3K
159

9. HIRAS FOR Comparison with others
FY-3/HIRAS
Metop/IASI
NPP/CrIS

10. FY-4 hyperspetral FTIR Y Z X 辐冷 主光学系统 散热板 二维扫描机构 前放盒 斯特林制冷机 干涉仪 中继及后光路
Bands
Longwave：700~1130cm-1(8.85m－14.3m)
Midwave：1650~2250cm-1(4.44m－6.06m)
Visble：0.55~0.75μm;
Spectral（cm-1）
Local observe：longwave 0.8；Midwave 1.6
Area observe：Longwave 1.6；Midwave 3.2
Spectral calibraton：10ppm
NEDL
(mW/m2sr.cm-1)
Local observe：longwave 0.5~1.1；Midwave 0.1~0.14
Area observe： longwave0.5~1.1；Midwave 0.1~0.14
Visible：S/N≥200（ρ=100%）
Spatial (FOV)
Nadir：16km（IR）；2km（VIS）
Temporal
Local observe：35min
Area observe：67min
Observation
Local observe：1000km×1000km
Area observe：5000km×5000km
Quantization
13bits

11. Current and prospective GSICS Products
Status
Comments
GEO-LEO FY-2D/2E/2F – IASI IR
Demo
NRTC,RAC, ATBD is ready
LEO-LEO FY-3C/MERSI
/VIRR/IRAS-IASI
NRTC, ATBD is ready
LEO-LEO FY-3C/MWHS
/MWRI-NPP/ATMS
Planned
Is being developed and done in 2016
FY-2 VIS and FY-3/MERSI DCC
If GSICS community determine a microwave radiometer (Such as ATMS or Metop/AMSU) as the reference sensor and others compare with it?
Which one of microwave imager is the reference sensor and How to generate GSICS products of the microwave imagers?
Can we define the O-B as the primary product of microwave instruments and which radiative transfer model as the primary model (CRTM or RTTOVS)

12. Collocation & Correction Products**
Current Status of CMA GSICS Products
Mon
Ref
Graphic Products##
Collocation & Correction Products**
FY2D&E&F/ VISSR
Metop-A/IASI (Op.)
AQUA/AIRS (Op.)
NPP/CrIS (Developing)
Ocean buoy RTM (Plan)
Daily Regression (RAD~RAD and TBB~TBB)
Monthly Scatter of TBB Bias
Time Sequence of TBB Bias
Collocation Samples
Intercalibration Coefficients
NRTC and RAC in txt (Plan to generate the GSICS standard format)
FY3A&B&C/MERSI
&VIRR
NPP/CrIS (Demo)
Monthly Regression (RAD~RAD and TBB~TBB)
AQUA&TERRA MODIS (Demo)
NPP/VIIRS (Demo)
GOME (Developing)
Monthly Regression (REF~REF)
Monthly Scatter of REF Bias
Time Sequence of REF Bias
Projected Image
NRTC and RAC
Stable Targets Tracking (Developing)
Time Sequence of Response
Degradation Rates
TEB
RSB
## : see
** : Only Internal Shared currently.

13. Time series of TBB biases for IR1~3 channels vs IASI eference scenes
IR Calibration Bias monitoring of
FY-2 VISSR
2013
2014
2015
@290 K for IR1 and IR2
@250 K for IR3
Biases behave different between the four satellites, and inconsistent during the three channels;
Seasonal fluctuation: obviously in FY-2F;
FY-2D biases in summer become greater since 2014, because the senser temperature was out of control；
Observations of FY-2G become better each time the onboard calibration upgrade。
2015
Time series of TBB biases for IR1~3 channels vs IASI eference scenes

14. Contamination in Lab and correction on the FY-2 WV SRFs
ratio between WV SRF and WV transmittance
comparison before and after corretion
Spectral Contamination of FY2X
FY-2G
FY-2D spectral correction
For FY-2D，based on the uncorrected SRF:
1）simulated TBB will be overestimated by 2.2K in clear sky.
2）BB radiation and then the onboard calibration will be overestimated by 7.6%.

15. 2016 Working Plan about FY-2 IR
IR correction products and long term recalibration:
The GSICS correction coefficients of FY-2 thermal IR and VIS channels will be created over ten years.
Overlapping observations by adjacent pairs of geostationary satellites can be compared to test the individual normalization results as well as the observation agreement between the four FY-2 satellites.
For thermal IR channels, both AIRS and IASI are chosen as inter-calibration references, and double differences are calculated to ensure the reliability of inter-calibration results.

16. FY-3C LEO-LEO IR calibration GSICS monitoring
MWHS-ATMS
FY-3C/IRAS B19 GSICS with IASI
MERSI b5-CrIS
FY-3C/VIRR IR GSICS
Red: FY3C/VIRR-CrIS
Blue:FY3C/VIRR-IASI
Update database using GSICS evaluation

17. FY-3C/IRAS Inter-Cal with IASI
FY-3C/IRAS Cal bias rwt IASI in first year:
Ch2~Ch15<1.0K
CH3<-2.0K
CH16~Ch18>2.0K
CH1, CH14~CH20 have large seasonal dependence
IRAS-CrIS matching processing is also in operation and bias analysis will be done

18. CMA GSICS Towards demo products
Theoretical Basis for FY-2-AIRS/IASI Inter-Calibration Algorithm for GSICS
Na Xu (CMA)
Version :
Theoretical Basis for the FY-3 MERSI/VIRR/IRAS- IASI/CrIS Inter-Calibration Algorithm for GSICS
 Hanlie Xu (CMA), Chengli Qi (CMA)
Version:
Submission for review is ready, but have to wait for Na Xu going back to office after her maternity vacation.

19. Inter-calibration based on lunar observation
CMA Lunar calibration project initiated in 2015 Ground-based Lunar observation Implementation
CMA Team acquired a project funding from Chinese MOST (Ministry of Science and Technlogy) "Solar bands calibration technique based on Lunar radiance source” (2015~2017) .
The main research points of this project include:
moon prediction and geolocation,
lunar radiance/irradiance model development,
ground-based measurement and model validation and
calibration algrithm development for satellite sensor. 
Collaboration partners:
National = Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) 
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), CAS
Nanjing University
Jilin University
Prediction model for lunar position and geolocation of Lunar imager.
A model of Full-disk Lunar Radiance Model
A albedo model of Uniform Target on lunar surface
Validation of Lunar model
by ground-based measure
Lunar Calibration algorithm development used for FY-3
Lunar Calibration algorithm development used for FY-2/4
Monitoring Degradation of sensors by lunar observation
Inter-calibration based on lunar observation

20. Lunar Observation in Lijiang, Yunnan
Hyperspectral Lunar-photometer
Lunar Imaging Spectrometer
CE318U Lunar-photometer
AOTF Imaging Spectrometer
HSFTS
Yulong Snow Mountain
Lijiang Weather Radar station

21. FY-3 RSB band calibration
On-orbit radiometric calibration of FY-3 Reflective Solar Bands (RSB) mainly relies on vicarious techniques.
Satellite
Sensor
Period
Method
FY-3A
VIRR
~ till now
Site calibration with synchronous in-situ measurements at Dunhuang site
MERSI
FY-3B
Before March 2013
After March 2013
Multi-site tracking with Dunhuang correction*
FY-3C
SNO Intercalibration with AQUA/MODIS
Integration calibration based on Muti-Intercalibration including SNO (with MODIS, GOME) and pseudo invariant targets tracking (with bright deserts, DCC, Moon)
两次更新：2014年4月28日和6月18日
SNO: Simultaneous Nadir Overpass
DCC: Deep Convective Cloud

22. Vicarious Calibration in Dunhuang, 2015
FY-3B/MERSI
Aqua/MODIS
NPP/VIIRS

23. Dunhuang base for Automatic vicarious calibration was established in 2015
房屋顶部仪器支架基座设计

24. Indoor Facility in Dunhuang base
Lear Room and Optical platform
On-site Integrated sphere
Security monitoring system

25. Long term Automatic continuous Measurement at Dunhuang site
—— surface reflected radiance
看直径30cm的地方
—— RawDN from Sunphotometer
—— AOD

26. VIIRS DNB imaging experiment using man-made lamp source site
探照灯点亮
Searchlight
Searchlight turned on
DNB image

27. Integrated method for improving non-linear
Using several targets in wide brightness dynamic
Several brightness Targets combined together:
DCC（high）、
Lunar(Low）、
Ocean(Low) 、
Deserts（Middle）
SNO samples
Non-linear fitting：has largely improvement

28. Special consideration for low brightness targets
Moon

29. Instrument Performance and Health monitoring System

30. CMA GDWG Progress

31. CMA GSICS Server Updated
CMA New Server in operation, hardware performance increased For GPRC CMA/NSMC and thredds
Inter Xeon Procceser) ;64GB RAM;4TB Disk
CMA GSICS Server Installation and Configuration completed
The CMA GSICS server has been configured to follow the GDWG agreed directory structure.This server will act as the ‘Asian hub’ of the GSICS collaboration servers’ network
Website:
Thanks for the technical support of Peter

32. CMA GSICS demo Products
CMA NRTC Product Available
CMA has produced demonstrational Near Real Time Correction (NRTC) GSICS products for the FY2D, FY2E & FY2F IR channel cross calibrated using the Metop-A IASI instrument.  
Thanks for the meta-data content and data structure validation work by Masaya
FY-3C/MERSI/VIRR/IRAS LEO-LEO IR NRTC products are also being tested and will be on line in the near future

33. Suggestion of GSICS L1 sharing between GPRC servers
Reduce the time delay of GSICS operational processing based on L1 public website order procedure (2~3 days1day) between different agencies and also reduce data volume transfer(by crop)
Keep operation stability of GEO-LEO and LEO-LEO GSICS processing in all GPRCs, especially NRTC products.
Three THREDDS severs in CMA, EUMETSAT and NOAA were setting down and provide the opportunity to share more data for GSICS operation, especially these data of their own reference instruments and target sensors for other GPRCs.
Push GEO-GEO comparison such as FY-2-MTSAT/Himawari, FY-2-MSG , MSG-GOES for long term
VIS/NIR Inter-calibration and reference transfer based on global PICS sites (desert, snow and barren ocean)
Support other GSICS researches such as SBAF, site BRDF model

34. Thanks
Happy New Chinese year!