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More sentence structure stuff…
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What is a clause? A clause is a subject or group of subjects and a predicate or group of predicates working together. A sentence can have as few as one clause, or it may have many clauses. Clauses are to sentences what rooms are to houses. A sentence may have only one clause like a studio may have only one room, or a sentence may have many clauses like a house may have many rooms.
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Independent Clauses An independent clause is a subject and a predicate working together and expressing a complete thought. An independent clause does not contain any subordinating or coordinating conjunctions, and could be removed from a larger sentence to stand on its own as a complete grammatical unit.
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Dependent Clauses As with every clause, a dependent clause has a subject and a predicate, but unlike an independent clause, a dependent clause does not express a complete thought by itself. Dependent clauses contain either a subordinating or coordinating conjunction and must be joined to an independent clause. A dependent clause that is not joined with an independent clause is one type of sentence fragment.
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A Dependent Clause Joined with an Independent Clause
We should leave while the getting is good. Independent Clause We should leave. Dependent Clause while the getting is good…
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Simple Sentences Simple sentences only have ONE clause. Example: Tom took his ball and went home. *although we have a compound predicate, there is only one subject, so that makes it a simple sentence.
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Compound Sentences Compound sentences have two or more clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. The coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. We use the acronym (F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.) to remember these. A new clause begins when the coordinator introduces the next subject. Example: Janie cried but she didn’t get her way.
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Complex Sentences A complex sentence is two or more clauses joined with a subordinating conjunction. Here are some common subordinating conjunctions: unless, before, after, during, because, since, although, and if. Subordinating conjunctions will turn independent clauses into dependent clauses. These dependent clauses can be joined with independent clauses to make longer, more complex sentences. Example: Although sentence structure can be confusing, she now understood it well.
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Run-on Sentences A run-on sentence is when two independent clauses are joined. It is a common misconception that run-on sentences have something to do with the length of sentence when this is not the case. Whether a sentence is considered a run-on actually has to do with the structure of the sentence and not its length. Example: I went home Mom was there.
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