1. Starter: Write Questions and Answers
The spread of Martin Luther’s views led to the establishment of
Judaism
Catholicism
Mormonism
Protestantism
England became a Protestant country during the Reformation when its
King declared himself head of the Church of England
People demanded the adoption of Lutheran beliefs
Priests opposed reforms implemented by the Pope
Armies were exposed to Calvinist beliefs in France
What was the Spanish Inquisition ( )?
A system designed to establish new colonies in the Americas
The exchange of goods between Spain and the Americas
The religious court established to find and punish heretics
A military campaign to drive the Muslim armies out of Spain

2. Vocabulary: Age of Exploration
Conquistadors- a Spanish conqueror of the Americas.
Columbian Exchange- the extensive exchange of plants and animals between the Old and New Worlds.
Colony- a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control.
Mercantilism- economic thought; the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver.
Plantation- a large agriculture estate.
Triangular trade- a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the American continents.
Middle Passage- the journey of enslaved persons from Africa to the Americas.

3. Age of Exploration (1400S-1700S)
Result of the Crusades and the demand for spices; Europeans began exploring various parts of the world in the 1400's and carried European culture to the rest of the world.

4. Motives for Exploration and Expansion
Search for new trade routes wanted to find a quicker way to Asia
Desire for new products Crusades and travels of Marco Polo stimulated an interest in Asian goods
Technology improved that allowed overseas exploration; gunpowder allowed Europeans to dominate
Religion Christian rulers wanted to spread religion

5. Effects Native American civilizations destroyed
European diseases killed millions of Native Americans
European powers built extensive overseas empires
Large numbers of Europeans moved to Americas
Native American crops (corn, potato, tomato) brought to Europe [Colombian Exchange]
Demand for African slaves increased
Capitalism expanded with growth of trade
Cultural exchanges occurred [cultural diffusion]

6. Bartolomeu Dias Sailed around the southern tip of Africa.
Found route to Indian Ocean
Trade can go from Europe to Asia by sea.

7. Christopher Columbus
Accidentally found America while looking for a westward route to Asia
Funded by Queen Isabella of Spain
His voyages considered a turning point in history

8. Vasco da Gama Portuguese explorer
Discovered an all-water route from Europe to India
Brought spices back to Portugal and made huge profits—leading others to make similar trips

9. Ferdinand Magellan Spanish explorer
Convinced king of Spain to fund a trip to sail to Asia through the Western Hemisphere
First person credited with circumnavigating the world (even though he was killed in the Philippines and never actually finished the voyage)

10. Hernan Cortes Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1519
Conquistador: Spanish conqueror who were trained in firearms
Wanted to convert Natives to Catholicism
“God, glory, and gold”

11. Francisco Pizarro Conquistador
Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru in 1533
Steel weapons and smallpox

12. Columbian Exchange
Exchange of plants and animals between Europe and conquered lands
Impacted the economies of both areas
Encomienda system: gave Spanish settlers in the Americas the right to use Natives as laborers
Protection was supposed to be provided
Resulted in forced labor, starvation, and disease

13. Columbian Exchange

14. Rivalries
The Portuguese and the Spanish were the first great explorers.
By the end of the 1600s many other European countries were exploring.
Dutch in India, North America, Caribbean
French took Canada and Louisiana
English settlers forming colonies in North America (Virginia and Massachusetts Bay)

15. Explorer Chart

16. Starter
Which of the following provides an accurate description of the Columbian Exchange?
European food to Americas, American diseases to Europe, African population to Europe
African livestock to the Americas, European technology to Africa, American food to Europe
European technology to Africa, American population to Africa, African food to the Americas
African population to the Americas, American food to Europe, European diseases to America
Shortly after the initial contact with Europeans during the Age of Exploration, American Indian populations began to decrease rapidly because of
Warfare
Famine
Disease
Genocide
Explain the causes and the effects of the Age of Exploration.

17. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade 1500s to 1800s

18. Causes Europeans wanted cheap labor for work in the Americas
Due to the demands of the agricultural economies of the New World
Mercantilism: economic idea that states you must sell more than you buy (creating a favorable balance of trade)

19. Development of the Slave Trade
Slavery was a practice in many places around the world prior to the slave trade
Most domestic servants in Europe had been from Southwest Asia or Africa
After the discover of the Americas, demand for slaves increased in Africa
Plantations (large agricultural estates) needed larger amounts of slaves to work the land
Native populations decreased OR ran away

20. Triangular Trade
Connection between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

21. European goods traveled to Africa;
European merchants then bought goods in the Americas and shipped them back to Europe
European goods traveled to Africa;
African slaves were traded for these European goods
African slaves then transported to Americas and sold
(Middle Passage)

23. The Middle Passage
Portion of the triangular trade from Africa to Americas known for large numbers of death
Disease often killed others upon arrival in the Americas

24. Effects Encouraged African warfare Disrupted African culture
tribes went to war with other tribes to obtain slaves to trade for guns
Disrupted African culture
it created a legacy of violence, bitterness and social upheaval
Increased cultural diffusion
Slaves brought their songs and culture to New World
Prejudice against Africans

25. Colonies in Latin America

26. Social Classes in Latin America
Peninsulares: Spanish or Portuguese officials born in Europe
Creoles: descendants of Europeans who were born in Latin America (2nd generation)
Multiracial groups:
Mestizos: European and Native American
Mulattoes: European and African
Lowest level were enslaved persons or conquered Natives

27. Economics
Gold and silver created profits for the Spanish and Portuguese in their Latin American colonies
Farming was longer lasting
Natives worked land under the encomienda system
Trade included gold, silver, sugar, tobacco, diamonds, and animal hide
European goods were also sold to colonists

28. Exploration Discovery Ed. Video