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INSTRUCTIONS FOR TODAY
STEP 1) You will need a sheet of paper. If you are working with a partner, you will each need your own answer sheet STEP 2) Write your name and class period at the top of your paper. STEP 3) Number your paper #1-8. This is where you will answer the questions that you will encounter in this slide. (THIS POWERPOINT WILL TELL YOU WHEN TO BEGIN WRITING YOUR ANSWERS DOWN.) STEP 4) You may use this PowerPoint and/or your notes on Aristotle’s Appeals (Ethos, Pathos, and Logos) to complete this assignment.
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The following slides are a brief review: What is Rhetoric?
You don’t need to write these things down, unless you don’t have them in your notes. You may want to write them down Rhetoric (n) – the art of speaking or writing effectively
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Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE) Greek philosopher and scientist
One of the great ancient philosophers Tutored Alexander the Great Wrote “On Rhetoric” in 350 B.C.E Considered the father of rhetoric
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According to Aristotle…
There are three modes of persuasion: Ethos Pathos Logos
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Appeal to Ethics and Credibility
Ethos, Pathos, Logos Appeal to Ethics and Credibility Based on the speaker or author Is the author reliable and credible? Is the author knowledgeable? Appeal to Emotions Based on how the text makes the reader/audience feel How does the text make the audience feel? Appeal to Logic and Reason Based on facts, research, and evidence How do the facts and evidence support the claim?
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Ethos Ethos is an effective argumentative and persuasive strategy because when the audience believes that the author is knowledgeable and genuine, the audience is more willing to listen and be persuaded.
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Ask these questions to determine Ethos
Does the writer/speaker seem trustworthy? Does the writer/speaker seem knowledgeable? How does the writer/speaker establish credibility and authority?
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Ethos Examples When a trusted doctor gives you medical advice, you follow it, even if you do not understand the medical reasoning behind it. This is because you trust the doctor.
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Logos Logos is an effective argumentative and persuasive strategy because when the audience is presented with factual, researched evidence supporting the claims, the audience is more likely to consider the claims valid. Logos is much more important in argumentative writing than it is in persuasive writing.
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Ask these questions to determine Logos
What claim is the author/speaker arguing? Is the author/speaker’s evidence relevant? Does the author/speaker include logical fallacies in his/her argument? What evidence does the author/speaker use to support his/her claim?
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Logos Examples Any argument that includes logical and relevant evidence (researched data, facts, statistics, events, etc.) includes Logos.
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Pathos Pathos is an effective persuasive* strategy because the audience may accept claims based on how the text makes them feel, rather than factual data. Pathos is much more important in persuasive writing than it is in argumentative writing. *Pathos should be used sparingly in argumentative writing
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Ask these questions to determine Pathos
Does the author/speaker appeal to your emotions? What feelings do you feel when reading the text? How did the writer establish or create a relationship with you?
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Pathos Example Lee Greenwood’s song Born in the USA became very popular after the September 11 attacks Empathizing with a friend who is experiencing a break up.
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NOW, YOU WILL USE YOUR PAPER TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS 1-7
Also, make sure you are writing why you chose what you chose. Example: #1 Ethos because it uses _____ __________________. (Your explanation should be 1-2 sentences)
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Which One Is It? #1 You cannot put a price on your safety. That is why you should buy this state-of-the-art home security system. ?
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Which One Is It? #2 Our company has been around for almost 150 years. We are the industry’s leader when it comes to engines. ?
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Which One Is It? #3 As a country, we should invest in public education because children are our future. We need to invest in our children –in our future. ?
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Which One Is It? #4 Despite consumer resistance, companies continue to test products on animals because studies show that animal testing is safe and reliable. ?
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Which One Is It? #5 The young mother has trouble providing her small children with clothing and food. She is an excellent mother who does her best, but sometimes she has a difficult times making ends meet. ?
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Which One Is It? #6 After looking at several studies that highlight the benefit of later start times for teenagers, the school district has decided to push back high school start times to 9:00 a.m. ?
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Watch the following video
On your paper, you will need to answer the following questions #7-8 as you watch the video: #7 What were some of things Dale Peterson claimed to be? Why would we include these things in his ad? (2-3 sentences.) #8 Explain how was the appeal to reason being used in the Volvo Commercial? (1-2 sentences) Click here to watch the video: If the video does not work, copy and paste the link in the YouTube search box
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STOP HERE! Great work! Make sure your name is on your sheet of paper and you’ve answered all of the questions. Also, make sure you told us why you chose what you chose. Example: #1 Ethos because __________________. (Your explanation should be 1-2 sentences) Turn it in to the black box and you may work on something else quietly. If you’d like to see what we are doing tomorrow, the next slides are what we will be working on.
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear mongering Glittering generalities Loaded words Expert testimonial Repetition
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear mongering Glittering generalities Loaded words Expert testimonial Repetition Researched information and evidence gives the author credibility and provides logical connections for the audience
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity Testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear mongering Glittering generalities Loaded words Expert testimonial Repetition When a celebrity endorses a product rather than an expert, people are more likely to act on emotions. If you use this same face wash as a celebrity, you too will look that great.
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon Approach Fear mongering Glittering generalities Loaded words Expert testimonial Repetition If everyone else is doing something or own a particular item, you should too so that you are not left behind.
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear Mongering Glittering generalities Loaded words Expert testimonial Repetition Creating fear in someone to convince them to believe in something they otherwise might not, or to convince them to buy a certain product.
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear mongering Glittering Generalities Loaded words Expert testimonial Repetition Using positive and “glittery” loaded words so that people feel good about their beliefs, purchases, and opinions.
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear mongering Glittering generalities Loaded Words Expert testimonial Repetition When an author, speaker, or advertiser carefully chooses their words (diction) to create a certain (and often times emotional) response in the audience.
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear mongering Glittering generalities Loaded words Expert Testimonial Repetition An author or speaker establishes credibility when he/she is an expert in the field.
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Persuasive Techniques
Facts and statistics Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear mongering Glittering generalities Loaded words Expert testimonial Repetition Repeating words and phrases over and over and over again will help people remember things and it may also evoke certain feelings in the audience.
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Persuasive Techniques in Relation to Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
A sensible and logical argument built on relevant and sufficient evidence. Facts and statistics Claims based on general logic Pathos Arguments built on the way that will evoke certain emotions in the audience Celebrity testimonials Bandwagon approach Fear mongering Glittering generalities Loaded words Repetition Ethos A well-researched and thoroughly developed argument Expert testimonial Trustworthiness Credibility
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