1. What are the functions of roots, stems, and leaves?
Plant Structures - 2
What are the functions of roots, stems, and leaves?

2. Leaves
Leaves capture the sun’s energy and carry out the food making process called photosynthesis

3. Top and bottom surface layers protect the cells inside
Leaf Structure
Top and bottom surface layers protect the cells inside
Between these layers are veins that contain xylem and phloem
Surface has small openings called stomata

4. Stomata open and close to control when gasses enter or leave the leaf
When they are open, carbon dioxide enters, and oxygen and water vapor leave

5. Controlling water loss
Because the leaf is exposed to air, water can quickly evaporate from it
Transpiration – the process by which water leaves a plant’s leaves

6. Plants have ways to slow down transpiration
Stoma
Plants have ways to slow down transpiration
Cells around stoma are called guard cells, and they swell and shrink based on water needs

7. Seeds
Inside a seed is a partially developed plant
The young plant that develops from the zygote is called the embryo

8. Seed Structure
In all seeds, the embryo has one or more leaves called the cotelydon
The outer covering is called the seed coat
In many plants, seeds are surrounded by fruit

9. Dormancy and Germination
A seed can remain inactive for a long time, dormancy
Once the seed absorbs water, germination can begin, when the embryo uses stored food and begins to grow

10. Sepals fold back to reveal the petals
Structures of a flower
When a flower is still a bud, it is enclosed by leaflike structures called sepals
Sepals fold back to reveal the petals

11. Flower structures continued
Stamen are the male reproductive parts and the anther, where pollen is made is at the top
Pistils are the female parts, tip of the pistil is called the stigma, tube is called the style, and the bottom is the ovary