1. The Skeletal System

2. Bone Fractures A break in a bone Types of bone fractures
Closed (simple) fracture – break that does not penetrate the skin
Open (compound) fracture – broken bone penetrates through the skin
Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
Realignment of the bone

3. Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2

4. Repair of Bone Fractures
Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus
Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch

5. Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Figure 5.5

6. Questions
What is the difference between a compound and a simple fracture?
Describe an impacted, spiral, and greenstick fracture.
Sesamoid bone is a special type of short bone that grows within tendons or muscles.
What are the factors that cause bone remodeling?
What minerals can be found in high concentrations within long bones?
List the steps in the repair process of a simple fracture

7. The Axial Skeleton Forms the longitudinal part of the body
Divided into three parts
Skull
Vertebral column
Bony thorax

8. The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6

9. The Skull Two sets of bones Cranium Facial bones
Bones are joined by sutures
Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint

10. Definitions Sutures: areas where cranial bones are fused
Process: outward projections, Serve as attachment sites for muscles, ligaments and other connective tissues.
Conchae: also called a turbinate or turbinal, is a long, narrow, curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various animals.
 Foramen: opening, hole, or passage in bone
Ramus: An arm or branch of a bone
Meatus: Passage or opening leading to the inside of the body

11. Definitions
Condyles: the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint - an articulation with another bone
Sinuses: a cavity within a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities.
Meant to lighten the skull and produce mucous that moisturizes the inside of the nose.

12. Video Lecture

13. The Skull
Figure 5.7

14. Bones of the Skull
Figure 5.11

15. Human Skull, Superior View
Figure 5.8

16. Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9

18. REVIEW QUESTIONS What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?
What four marks can be found on the temporal bone?
What is another name for the lower jaw? The upper jaw?
Which bone forms the floor of the skull?
What animal does the shape of the Sphenoid Bone (In superior view) resemble?

19. REVIEW QUESTIONS Which bone is the orbital canal found in?
What is Turk’s Saddle (Sella Turcica) and what bone is it found in?
What is the function of the sella turcica?
What are fontanels? Which developmental stage do they exist?
The walls of the cranium are formed by which bones?
What is the foramen magnum?

20. REVIEW QUESTIONS What are the 8 bones of the cranium?
Which bone are the mastoid, styloid and zygomatic process found in?
Turk’s saddle is the name of a saddle like depression in the sphenoid bone also called…
Which bones form the anterior fontanel?
What makes the hyoid bone unique from all other bones? Identify 3 characteristics