1. Kingdom of Heaven: The Crusades

2. Kingdom of Heaven

3. Kingdom of Heaven
The city of Jerusalem is a holy city for the three western world religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Jews believe the Temple Mount and the Western (Wailing) Wall is the location of the Temple of Solomon
Christians believe Jerusalem is where Jesus Christ was crucified and raised from the dead
Muslims believe Jerusalem is where the prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven

4. Blame the Romans
The Romans under Titus tore down the last standing Jewish temple in 70
When the Arabs took over, they built the Dome of the Rock over the ruins
Christians did not like the idea of “their” holy city being in Muslim hands
Link to "Roots of the Crusades"

5. Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095
Urban II calls for a ‘crusade to retake the Holy Land’
Promises the forgiveness of sins to anyone who fights in the crusade
Deus Vult: God wills it

6. The First Crusade In 1096, the knights of the First Crusade set off
Sacked Antioch in 1098
Conquered Jerusalem in 1099
The Crusaders massacred Jews and Muslims in their sack of the city
Link to "Fall of Jerusalem"

7. Siege of Jerusalem, 1099

8. Godfrey de Bouillon and the Crusader Kingdoms

9. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre

10. Kingdom of Jerusalem
Under Godfrey, Crusader knights built the current Church of the Holy Sepulchre and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem…
By 1145 the Muslims were threatening to take it all back

11. The Second Crusade
A Complete Disaster

12. Salah ad-Din Becomes Sultan in 1174
Known as Saladin, he is hailed as an example of a virtuous knight…
…Probably because he beat the living daylights out of the Crusaders
Salah ad-Din retook Jerusalem in 1187

13. The Third Crusade
Richard the Lionheart launches the Third Crusade, with Frederick Barbarossa, and Philip II
Frederick drowns, Philip quits, Richard stalemates with Saladin
Jerusalem remains in Muslim hands

14. The Fourth Crusade, 1202
Pope Innocent III decides to launch the Fourth Crusade
Second and Third Crusades ended in stalemate and failure
Crusaders get involved in a Byzantine power dispute
At the urging of Venice, the knights of the Fourth Crusade commit one of the greatest atrocities in Western History

15. Sack of Constantinople, 1204

16. The Sack of Constantinople
For three days, the Crusaders destroyed the Christian city of Constantinople
Priceless ancient and medieval Greek and Roman works were destroyed
Relics were stolen from churches
The Library of Constantinople was burned to the ground
Unknown works of Sophocles were lost
Women and children were slaughtered
Numerous churches were burned

17. Aftermath of The Crusades
Since 1187, parts of Jerusalem have remained in Muslim control
The Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church irrevocably split
The Crusades are still a source of tension between Christians and Muslims today
The massacre of Jews became a regular feature of European life

18. Summarize
In your interactive notebook, at the bottom of your notes page, write a short paragraph about today’s lesson. Write about:
What the main idea of the lesson was
AND what you learned today.
Your summary should be able to explain today’s lesson to someone who was not in class today.