1. Eye Protection Training Refresher
March 2010
AMEC Earth & Environmental – Internal Distribution Only

2. Eye Injuries 2009
1 OSHA-recordable injury (dust), 2 first aid incidents (dust, tree branch) and several near miss incidents (formalin vapor, rebar) potentially affected employee’s eyes
PPE use reduced injuries.
Example Controls Required
Ensure 100% use of eye protection at all times where hazards identified
Evaluate and implement appropriate eye/face protection from liquid chemicals, molten liquids, blowing dust or particles
AEE Safety Flash Safety Goggles vs. Safety Glasses

3. Recent Incident 2010
Cutting PVC pipe soil cores with skill saw, using a face shield for protection, when a small piece of PVC bounced under the shield and struck employee in the eye. No safety glasses or goggles were used under the face shield.
Luckily the injury resulted in no long-term damage to an eye.

4. Wearing the wrong kind of eye protection for the job
No safety goggles were used under the face shield!
Face shields are secondary protection and shall be used only and always in conjunction with primary protection.

5. Primary and Secondary Eye Protection
The ANSI Eye and Face Protection Standard (ANSI Z87.1) defines primary protection, secondary protection and face shields. The definitions for these categories are:
Primary protection – A device that may be worn alone or in conjunction with a secondary protector
Secondary protection – A device that shall be worn only in conjunction with a primary protector
Face shield – A protective device commonly worn to shield the wearer's face, in addition to the eyes, from certain hazards. Face shields are secondary protection and shall be used only in conjunction with primary protection

6. This module will cover…
The scope of the eye injury problem
What contributes to eye injuries at work?
What causes eye injuries at work?
Where do injuries happen most often?
How can eye injuries be prevented?
How to comply with AEE rules
What to do in emergency and how to maintain eye/face wash units

7. What contributes to eye injuries at work?
Take a moment to think about possible eye hazards at your workplace. A survey by the Labor Department's Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of about 1,000 minor eye injuries revealed how and why many on-the-job accidents occur. Employees were either:
Not wearing eye protection. BLS reports that nearly three out of every five workers injured were not wearing eye protection at the time of the accident. OR
Wearing the wrong kind of eye protection for the job. About 40% of the injured workers were wearing some form of inadequate eye protection when the accident occurred and they were injured.

8. What causes eye injuries at work?
Flying particles
BLS found that almost 70% of the accidents studied resulted from flying or falling objects or sparks striking the eye. Injured workers estimated that nearly three-fifths of the objects were smaller than a pin head. Most of the particles were said to be traveling faster than a hand-thrown object when the accident occurred.
Contact with chemicals
Splashed liquids or flying chemical particles caused 20% of the injuries.
Other accidents
Other accidents were caused by objects swinging from a fixed or attached position, such as tree limbs, ropes, chains, or tools that were pulled into the eye while the worker was using them.

9. What causes eye injuries at AEE?
Failure to wear proper eye/face protection at:
Construction sites (wet concrete splashes, projectile particulates, dust)
Environmental sites (tree branches, dust)
Material labs (splashes with sulfur during concrete cylinder capping; projectiles from hammering, cutting, etc.)
Chemical labs (chemical use – potential)

10. How can eye injuries be prevented?
Always wear effective eye protection.
To be effective, eye wear must be appropriate for the hazard encountered and be properly fitted.
Better training and education.
BLS reported that most workers were hurt while doing their regular jobs.
Workers injured while not wearing protective eye wear most often said they believed it was not required by the situation.
AEE provides eye protection at no cost to employees. SHEWeb, Corporate SHE Department and SHE Coordinators are available to assist in selection of proper PPE.
Maintenance.
Eye protection devices must be properly maintained.
Scratched and dirty devices reduce vision, cause glare, and may contribute to accidents.

11. Eye and Face Protection Selection Chart
Source
Assessment of Hazard
Protection
IMPACT - chipping, grinding, machining, drilling, chiseling, riveting, sanding
Flying fragments, objects, large chips, particles, sand, dirt, etc.
Spectacles with side protection, goggles, face shields. For severe exposure, use face shields over primary eye protection
HEAT and CHEMICAL or IMPACT – sulfur cupping and welding, ignition ovens
Hot sparks, splash from molten metals, high temperature exposure
Goggles or safety spectacles with special-purpose lenses and side shields. Many heat hazard exposures require the use of a face shield in addition to safety spectacles or goggles.
CHEMICALS
Splash, irritating mists
Goggles - primary protectors intended to shield the eyes against liquid or chemical splash, irritating mists, vapors, and fumes.
Face Shields - secondary protectors intended to protect the entire face against exposure to chemical hazards.
DUST Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions
Harmful dust
Goggles - primary protectors intended to protect the eyes against a variety of airborne particles and dust
OPTICAL RADIATION welding, torch-cutting, brazing, soldering, and laser work
Radiant energy, glare, and intense light
When selecting filter lenses, begin with a shade too dark to see the welding zone. Then try lighter shades until one allows a sufficient view of the welding zone without going below the minimum protective shade.

12. Select PPE
Please use the table on the previous slide to select the PPE for the task, resulting in an eye injury, described in the beginning of this module

13. Answer Skill saw generates dust along with flying fragments/chips.
The most appropriate choice is to use safety goggles under the face shield

14. Description and Use of Eye/Face Protectors
Glasses
Protective eyeglasses are made with
safety frames
tempered glass or plastic lenses
temples and side shields
They provide eye protection from moderate impact and particles encountered in job tasks such as:
carpentry
woodworking
grinding,
scaling, etc.
Safety glasses are also available in prescription form for those persons who need corrective lenses.

15. Description and Use of Eye/Face Protectors
Goggles
Vinyl framed goggles of soft pliable body
design provide adequate eye protection from many
hazards.
These goggles are available with
clear or tinted lenses
perforated, port vented, or non-vented frames.
Single lens goggles provide protection similar
to spectacles and may be worn in combination with
spectacles or corrective lenses to ensure protection
along with proper vision.
Welders goggles provide protection from sparking, scaling, or splashing metals and harmful light rays. Lenses are impact resistant and are available in graduated shades of filtration.
Chippers/Grinders goggles provide eye protection from flying particles. The dual protective eye cups house impact-resistant clear lenses with individual cover.

16. Description and Use of Eye/Face Protectors
Face Shields
These normally consist of an adjustable headgear and face shield of tinted or transparent acetate or polycarbonate materials, or wire screen.
Face shields are available in various sizes, tensile strength, impact/heat resistance, and light ray filtering capacity.
Face shields will be used in operations when the entire face needs protection and should be worn to protect eyes and face against flying particles, metal sparks, and chemical/biological splash.

17. Description and Use of Eye/Face Protectors
Never wear face shields, which provide secondary protection, without primary eye protection (safety glasses or goggles). Wear safety glasses or goggles under face shields to provide protection when the shield is lifted. Primary protection helps prevent particles that get under the shield from lodging in the eyes.

18. Description and Use of Eye/Face Protectors
Welding Shields
These shield assemblies consist of vulcanized fiber or glass fiber body, a ratchet/button type adjustable headgear or cap attachment, and a filter and cover plate holder.
These shields will be provided to protect workers’ eyes and face from infrared or radiant light burns, flying sparks, metal spatter and slag chips encountered during welding, brazing, soldering, resistance welding, bare or shielded electric arc welding and oxyacetylene
welding and cutting operations.

19. AMEC Rules on Eye Protection
Employees are required to use the necessary PPE on the job.
PPE must be kept in safe and good condition.
Managers must make sure that employees use appropriate eye and face protection.

20. Keep PPE in safe and good condition
Make sure all PPE is safe for the work to be performed. It must:
Be durable.
Fit snugly.
Not interfere with the employee’s movements.
Make sure that PPE is used and maintained
in a clean and reliable condition.
Defective equipment MUST NOT be used.
Make sure that if employees provide their own PPE, it is adequate for the workplace hazards and maintained in a clean and reliable condition.

21. Make sure our employees use appropriate eye and face protection
Make sure that employees exposed to hazards that could injure their eyes and/or face use appropriate protection. Examples of these hazards include:
Flying particles.
Molten sulfur.
Liquid chemicals; acids or caustic liquids.
Chemical gases or vapors.
Any light that could injure the eyes such as lasers, ultraviolet, or infrared light.
Objects that puncture.
Make sure employees exposed to hazards
from flying objects have eye protection with
side protection, such as safety glasses with
clip-on or slide-on side shields.

22. Make sure our employees use appropriate eye and face protection
Make sure eye protection for employees who wear prescription lenses:
Incorporates the prescription into the design of the eye protection; or
Is large enough to be worn over the prescription lenses without disturbing them.
Workers who need to wear eye protection for long durations and require prescription lenses should be provided protective prescription safety glasses with side shields.

23. AEE Requirements - Reminder
Wearing eye protective equipment is mandatory for AEE employees and subs working in locations where there is a risk of receiving eye injuries, such as punctures, abrasions, contusions, or burns as a result of contact with flying particles, hazardous substances, projections, or injurious non-ionizing radiation that are inherent in the work or environment.
Employees working with or in proximity to molten sulfur in AEE material labs are required to wear safety goggles under a face shield.
AEE employees in the labs are required to wear safety glasses. No entry to the lab shall be allowed to employees or visitors not wearing safety glasses.
Employees who are not comfortable with the existing eye and face protection equipment should contact the local SHE coordinator or Unit Manager for assistance in searching for and obtaining equipment that fits. The Corporate SHE Department is available at any time to assist in selecting the appropriate eye/face protective equipment for particular tasks.
Eye/face protection should not be removed until the employee is out of regulated area or task is completed and the risk of an injury is absolutely eliminated.
Failure to wear proper PPE including proper eye/face protection is a ground for a disciplinary action.
The requirement to wear eye/face protective equipment is the most basic safety requirement that should never be violated at AEE.

24. MINIMUM PPE (SHADED), APPROPRIATE TYPE
WORK ENVIRONMENT
Construction
HAZWOPER and Similarly Classified Projects
Material Laboratory (task-specific PPE to be listed in JSAs)
Chemical Laboratory
Ecological and Similar Field Projects (wetland delineation, biological survey, etc)
Eye Protection
Mandatory
Should always be available Use: Risk assessment
Gloves and Hearing Protection
Steel-Toe Safety Boots With Ankle Support
Sturdy Outdoor Footwear; Ankle Support Recommended
Footwear
Risk Assessment
High Visibility Vest
Hard Hat
Level D, C, B, or A as specified in the HASP
Laboratory Coverall or Accepted Long Sleeved Clothing
Mandatory When Operating
Laboratory Coverall

25. Emergency Eye/Face Wash

26. Introduction:
All laboratory and project employees must be familiar with the location and use of eye wash and safety showers even if they do not work directly with toxic or corrosive chemicals.
Why? You may be called upon to aid a colleague who has had an exposure.
The distance from the location of the exposed individual to the safety device should not exceed 15 seconds walking distance. The path to the safety shower or eye wash must be unobstructed.

27. Introduction:
The path to the eye wash or safety shower cannot involve opening a door unless:
There is always another employee present that can open the door.
The exposed employee can exit the room without having to manually manipulate a door knob (i.e. push bar).
The location of all eye washes and safety showers must be clearly marked with a highly visible sign. The area around the safety shower and eye wash must be well lit.
The temperature of the water delivered should be between 60o and 95o F.

28. Examples Of Emergency Equipment
Eye Washes
A device used to irrigate and flush both the face and the eyes.

29. Examples Of Emergency Equipment
Combination units
Interconnected assembly of emergency equipment (eye wash and safety shower) supplied by a single source of flushing fluid.

30. Using An Eye Wash Station During An Emergency:
Hold eyelids open using the thumb and index finger to help ensure that effective rinsing has occurred behind the eyelid.
It is normal to close eyes tightly when splashed, but this will prevent water or eye solution from rinsing and washing the chemical out. Eyelids must be held open.
Practice of this procedure is encouraged to help familiarize potential users with the feel of rinsing. It will also make it easier for the user to react both promptly and properly to an emergency situation.

31. Sample Eyewash Water Flow

32. Eye/Face Washing Procedures:
Always wash from the outside edges of the eyes to the inside; this will help to avoid washing the chemicals back into the eyes or into an unaffected eye.
Water or eye solution should NOT be directly aimed onto the eyeball, but aimed at the base of the nose.
Velocity of the stream of water must be such that injury to the eye is avoided.

33. Procedure Continued:
Flush eyes and eyelids with water or eye solution for a minimum of 15 minutes. “Roll” eyes around to ensure full rinsing.
Contact lenses must be removed as soon as possible to ensure that chemicals are not trapped behind the lenses and then the eyes can be completely rinsed of any harmful chemicals.
Medical attention should be sought immediately! Ideally another person in the lab should make contact with responders or dial 911. The sooner medical attention can be given, the chances of not sustaining permanent damage or blindness is greatly improved.

34. In cases of an exposure, the initial first aid treatment is to flush affected area with water for a minimum of 15 minutes.

35. Prevention of Accidents:
Always wear required personal protective equipment (PPE)!
Eye/Face PPE’s include: safety glasses, goggles and face-shields
Know the chemicals that you are working with. Read the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and ask questions.
Know the location of the eye wash and safety shower.
Know how to operate the safety equipment, you may need to use it yourself or assist others.

36. Eye/Face Wash Maintenance Requirements
The nozzles must be covered to prevent contamination and covers must automatically open when the unit is activated
Eye wash units should be activated weekly to verify operation and to flush lines for 3 minutes
Self-contained units should be activated in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions

37. Eye injuries are 100% preventable
Eye injuries are 100% preventable! Please concentrate your efforts on preventing eye injuries in 2010!