1. Fabric

2. Fabric Terms
Weave: The interlacing of two sets of yarns at right angles
Grain: The direction the threads run in a woven fabric
Warp: The yarns that run in the lengthwise direction
Weft: The filling yarns that run in the crosswise direction
Nap: the layer of fiber ends that stand up from the surface
of the fabric.
Knit: The looping of yarns together
Non-Woven: Joined fibers using adhesive, entanglement or
heat fusion

3. Assignment: Use the supplies provided and
complete four weaving samples:
Plain
Basket
Twill
Satin
Identify the Weft and Warp yarns.
Use samples provided in class
Determine the structure of each
fabric sample
Attach a 2 inch sample to your note
guide.

4. Plain Weave Most simple and most common type of construction
Inexpensive to produce, durable
Flat, tight surface is conducive to printing and other finishes
Method of Construction:
Each filling yarn goes alternately under and over the warp yarns
Common Fabrics
Cotton calicos, cheesecloth, gingham, percale, voile
Household Uses
Draperies, tablecloths, upholstery

5. Basket Weave A variation of the plain weave
Usually basket or checkerboard pattern
Contrasting colors are often used
Inexpensive, less durable than plain weave
Method of Construction:
Two or more warps simultaneously interlaced with one or more fillings
Common Fabrics:
Monks cloth, oxford
Household Uses:
Wall hangings, pillows

6. Twill Weave Creates a diagonal, chevron, houndstooth, corkscrew,
or other design
The design is enhanced with colored yarn
Is strong and may develop a shine
Method of Construction:
Three or more shafts; warp or filling floats over two or more
counterpart yarns in progressive steps right or left
Common Fabrics:
Denim, gabardine, serge, tweed
Household Uses:
Upholstery, comforters, pillows

7. Satin Weave Smooth, soft luster Excellent drapability
Floats snag easily
Method of Construction:
Floats one warp yarn over four or more weft yarns, then tied down with
one thread, resulting in a smooth face
Common Fabrics:
Satin, satin-weave fabrics out of fabrics such as cotton.
Household Uses:
Draperies, quilts

8. Jacquard Weave
Yarns woven into unlimited designs, often intricate, multicolor effect
Expensive, but the design doesn=t fade or wear out
Durability depends on the fiber used
The Jacquard loom was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard
Method of Construction:
Warp is individually controlled with each pick passage creating intricate
designs
Common Fabrics:
Brocade, damask, tapestry
Household Uses:
Upholstery, wall hangings

9. Leno A mesh-like fabric Method of Construction: Common Fabrics:
Leno
A mesh-like fabric
Method of Construction:
A pair of warp threads are passed over and under the filling yarns in a
figure 8 or an hourglass twist, creating a geometric pattern
Common Fabrics:
Thermal, netting
Household Uses:
Thermal Blankets, curtains

10. Uncut Pile Loops are possible on both sides of fabric
Soft and absorbent, relatively inexpensive
Can snag if loops are caught
Method of Construction:
Generally a plain or twill weave with a third dimension--additional warp
yarn or filling yarn is introduced into the basic structure and forms a loop
at regular intervals
Common Fabrics:
Frieze, terry cloth
Household Uses:
Upholstery, towels, carpet, area rugs

11. Cut Pile Soft and warm, resilient, absorbent
May have a nap that must be matched
May be expensive and need professional cleaning
Method of Construction:
Similar to uncut pile, but loops have been cut
Common Fabrics:
Corduroy, velvet, velveteen,velour
Household uses:
Upholstery, stage draperies

12. Knit Soft, stretchy Method of Construction: Common Fabrics:
Interlooping yarns
In weft knitting, loops are formed by hand or machine as yarn is added in
crosswise direction.
In warp knitting, loops are formed vertically by machine, one row at a
time
Common Fabrics:
Raschel warp knits
Household Uses:
Not used extensively in design with the exception of raschel warp knits
which are used in making curtains and draperies

13. Non-Woven Does not have a distinct pattern
Generally stiff and somewhat scratchy
Method of Construction:
Fibers are bonded by mechanical or chemical means
Common Fabrics:
Pelon
Household Uses:
Bedding, backing for quilts, dust cloths for box springs, carpet backing,
and upholstered furniture

14. Felt Soft, non-woven, can pull apart Method of Construction:
Felting occurs when heat, moisture, agitation, and pressure are applied
to wool fibers, causing the fibers to interlock permanently.
Common Fabrics:
Felt
Household Uses:
Padding, sound-proofing, insulation, filtering, and polishing, wall
hangings and other decorative items

15. Film Plastic-like material, repels liquid, stiff Mildews, rots, tears
Inexpensive, fairly durable
Method of Construction:
Made from synthetic solutions formed into thin sheets
Common Fabrics:
Vinyl
Household Uses:
Tablecloths, shower curtains, draperies, upholstery, and wall
coverings

16. Foam Soft, air holes, absorbent, resilient Method of Construction:
Rubber or polyurethane substance with air incorporated causing foaming, quite inexpensive, rots
Common Fabrics:
Sponges
Household Uses:
Carpet backing, padding, pillows and cushions, laminates to other fabrics

17. Weaving Project: Recycled Coaster

18. Step 1: Tear out 6 magazine pages
Step 1: Tear out 6 magazine pages. Cut off the ragged edges on each, then cut each page in half lengthwise.
Step 2: Fold each strip in half lengthwise. (A) Then fold resulting piece in thirds, folding the cut edges inward first so they are hidden inside. (B and C) Fold the long thick strip in half at the center. (D) Repeat with each magazine sheet.

19. Step #3: To start weaving, interlock two strips
Step #3: To start weaving, interlock two strips. This is the bottom left corner of your coaster.

20. Step #4: Add another strip that wraps around the outside of the horizontal strips.

21. Step #5: Continue weaving
Step #5: Continue weaving. Some strips will wrap around the outside of the coaster when you start them; some will be sandwiched between two existing strips.
Be sure to push the papers tightly together. Flip your coaster over and check the back frequently to make sure nothing is going haywire back there.

22. Step #6: When the coaster has 6 horizontal and vertical strips, finish the edges. Trim off one end of the strip so it’s even with the edge of the coaster. Bring the other end around the edge of the coaster and tuck it under the closest weave to hide the raw ends.