1. 3/2 Focus: Important Terms: Do Now:
In response to political turmoil and economic crisis, people in Italy and Germany turned to totalitarian dictators who promised solutions to their nations problems.
Important Terms:
Fascism
Do Now:
What are some characteristics of life in a totalitarian state?

2. The Rise of Dicators in Europe

4. The Rise of Dictators
Widespread economic hardships caused by Great Depression contributed to the rise of dictators in Europe
People gave power to strong leaders who promised to solve nations problems
Totalitarian dictatorships replaced gov’ts that could not meet their peoples needs

5. Fascism Fascist leaders emerged in the 1920’s-30’s : Spain Germany
Italy

6. Fascism
A political movement that seeks to establish a dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic
Promoted extreme form of nationalism
A denial of individual rights
The needs of the state outweigh the needs of the individual
Dictatorial one party rule
were anti-communist

8. Italy After WWI
Italy was disappointed by the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles
Had hoped to gain territory

9. Italy After WWI
Economic problems after WWI contributed to social unrest
High inflation
High unemployment
Trade decreased
High taxes
Workers strikes led by communists
Many Italians believed democratic government couldn’t solve problems

10. Italy After WWI Benito Mussolini formed the Fascist Party in 1919
Had the support of many war veterans and dissatisfied Italians

11. Rise of Fascism in Italy
Mussolini promised to strengthen Italy and solve economic problems
Would end unemployment
Gain more territory for Italy
Would outlaw strikes and communist threats

12. Rise of Fascism in Italy
Mussolini and the Fascists gained power in Italy in 1922
Fascist “Black Shirts” used terror and violence to intimidate opposition
Mussolini was known as Il Duce (the leader)

13. Italy Under Mussolini Mussolini consolidated control of Italy
Ended free elections
Restricted free speech and free press
Killed or jailed political opponents
Controlled economy by allying with industrialists and large landowners

14. Italy Under Mussolini
Widespread Use of indoctrination and control of education
Convinced people to put goals of state before individual rights

15. Italian Expansion Mussolini began an aggressive foreign policy
Invaded Ethiopia in 1935

16. Points for Discussion What is Fascism?
What conditions led many people in Italy to support Mussolini and the Fascist Party?
How did Mussolini consolidate his control over Italy?

17. censorship & gov’t control of news
Strong military
Extreme nationalism
Fascism
Use of fear and violence
State control of economy
Blind loyalty to a leader
Secret police
Rule by dictator