1. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Chapter 4.2, 4.4, 4.6
Reaves 17-18

2. Photosynthesis
A process that captures energy
from sunlight to make sugars
that store chemical energy
Occurs within the chloroplast
Chlorophyll (in chloroplast)
absorbs energy in visible light
Chlorophyll reflects green
light!

3. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis takes place
in two parts of chloroplasts.
grana (stack of thylakoids)
Stroma (chloroplast fluid)

4. Photosynthesis
There are 2 stages of photosynthesis
Light Dependent Reactions (uses light)
(Light Reactions)
Light Independent Reactions (doesn’t use light)
(Dark Reactions)

5. Photosynthesis
The light-dependent reactions capture energy from
sunlight.
take place in thylakoids
water and sunlight are needed
chlorophyll absorbs energy
energy is transferred along thylakoid membrane then to
light-independent reactions (dark reactions)
oxygen is released

7. Photosynthesis
The light-independent (dark) reactions make
sugars.
take place in stroma
needs carbon dioxide from atmosphere
use energy from light reactions to build a sugar in a cycle of chemical reactions

9. Photosynthesis

10. The overall process of cellular respiration
converts sugar (glucose) into ATP
(energy) using oxygen.

11. Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria (animal and plant cells)
Cellular Respiration
makes ATP by breaking
down sugars (that we
consume and plants
produce).
aerobic (requires O2)
Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria (animal and plant cells)
mitochondrion
animal cell

12. Cellular Respiration = pyruvate Glycolysis must take place first.
- anaerobic process (does not require oxygen)
- takes place in cytoplasm
- splits glucose into pyruvic acid (or pyruvate)
- Glucose has 6 C’s and pyruvic acid is two 3 C’s
- produces two ATP molecules
= pyruvate

13. Cellular respiration
The Krebs cycle transfers energy to an electron
transport chain.
takes place in mitochondrial matrix
breaks down pyruvic acid from glycolysis
makes a small amount of ATP
releases carbon dioxide
transfers energy-carrying molecules

14. Cellular respiration
The electron transport chain produces a large amount
of ATP.
takes place in inner membrane
energy transferred to electron transport chain
oxygen enters process
ATP produced
water released as a waste product

16. Cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
sugar oxygen carbon water energy
dioxide

17. Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis.
The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as
the products of cellular respiration.

18. Fermentation
Fermentation occurs in place of cellular
respiration when oxygen is NOT present.

19. Fermentation
Fermentation is an anaerobic process.
- occurs when oxygen is not available for
cellular respiration
- does not produce ATP, but allows glycolysis
so it can make a small amount of ATP.

20. Fermentation

21. Fermentation
There are two types of fermentation:
Lactic Acid and Alcoholic

22. Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells.
glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
Lactic acid causes soreness in muscles

23. Fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation is similar to lactic acid fermentation.
glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules
pyruvate is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide
alcoholic fermentation takes place in yeast and some plants

24. Fermentation
Fermentation is used in food production.
yogurt
cheese
bread