1. Health Informatics & Telemedicine
TOPIC 7
Health Informatics & Telemedicine
Information Systems Department

2. Health Informatics
Health Informatics is the science that uses information to improve health care.
Health Informatics is the study of how health data, information, and knowledge are collected, stored, processed, communicated, and used to support the process of health care delivery to clients and providers, administrators, and organizations involved in health care delivery.
Information Systems Department

3. Health Informatics
Health informatics tools include not only computers but also clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication systems.
It is applied to the areas of nursing, clinical care, dentistry, pharmacy, public health, occupational therapy, and (bio)medical research.
Information Systems Department

4. Professional knowledge
Health Informatics
Information
Computer, communication technologies
Professional knowledge
Informatics
Informatics includes the science of information, the practice of information processing, and the engineering of information systems.
Informatics studies the structure, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial systems that store, process and communicate information.
It also develops its own conceptual and theoretical foundations. Since computers, individuals and organizations all process information, informatics has computational, cognitive and social aspects, including study of the social impact of information technologies.
Health informatics is a discipline at the intersection of information science, computer science, and health care.
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5. Health Informatics Other terms: eHealth
Health Information Technology (HIT)
Medical Information Systems (MIS)
eHealth (also written e-health) is a relatively recent term for healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication.
The term eHealth is often, particularly in the U.K. and Europe, used as an umbrella term that includes telehealth, electronic medical records, and other components of health IT.
The term is inconsistently used: some would argue it is interchangeable with health care informatics and a sub set of Health informatics, while others use it in the narrower sense of healthcare practice using the Internet.
Telehealth is the delivery of health-related services and information via telecommunications technologies. Telehealth could be as simple as two health professionals discussing a case over the telephone or as sophisticated as doing robotic surgery between facilities at different ends of the globe.
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6. Health Informatics Reduced record keeping expenses More accurate data
No poor handwriting problems
Automated sharing among patients and provider
Empower the patient to manage their own health - via Internet information and decision support tools
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7. Health Informatics Reduced office visits to get results
Avoidance of duplicating tests
Automatic summarisation/graphical displays of context-relevant information to the physician
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8. Health Informatics Health Informatics includes:
Electronic Medical Records (EMR): easy communication of patient data between different healthcare professionals (GPs, specialists, care team, pharmacy)
Telemedicine: do not require a patient and specialist in same physical location.
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9. Electronic health records
Such records: may include a whole range of data in comprehensive or summary form, including demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal stats like age and weight, and billing information.
Its purpose: can be understood as a complete record of patient encounters that allows the automation and streamlining of the workflow in health care settings and increases safety through evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes reporting.
Information Systems Department

10. Telemedicine
Health Informatics

11. What is Telemedicine
Telemedicine may be defined as the use of computers and telecommunication technologies to provide medical information and services from distant locations
It helps eliminate distance barriers and can improve access to medical services that would often not be consistently available in distant rural communities.
Telemedicine is a rapidly developing application of clinical medicine where medical information is transferred through interactive audiovisual media for the purpose of consulting, and sometimes remote medical procedures or examinations.
Information Systems Department

12. What is Telemedicine
Telemedicine may be as simple as two health professionals discussing a case over the telephone, or as complex as using satellite technology and videoconferencing equipment to conduct a real-time consultation between medical specialists in two different countries
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13. Why it is relevant to poor society
Poor infrastructure
Non-availability of experts
Low doctor-patient ratio (large population)
Lack of proper medical education
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14. Aim of the Telemedicine System
Information management
Patient information
Medical data (signs, symptoms, test reports, etc..)
Appointment scheduling
Archival and retrieval of patient records
Low cost solution
Using ordinary telephone line
Service to large population
Through public health care delivery systems
Development of knowledge-based system
For decision support
For training and education
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15. Requirement Specification
Nodal Hospital
A patient getting treated
A Doctor
A remote telemedicine console having audio visual
and data conferencing facilities
POTS / ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
 An ISDN line can carry information at nearly five times the fastest rate achievable using analog modems over POTS.
Referral Hospital
An expert/ specialized doctor
A central telemedicine server having
audio visual and data conferencing facility
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16. Sequence of Operation Day One PATIENT IN Patient visits OPD
Local Doctor checks up
Patient receives local treatment and not referred to telemedicine system
OUT
Patient referred to the Telemedicine system (some special investigations may be suggested)
Day One
Patient visits Telemedicine data-entry console.
Operator entries patient record, data and images of test results, appointment date is fixed for online telemedicine session
OUT
OBD stands for Out-Patient Department
Offline Data transfer
from Nodal Centre
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17. Sequence of Operation Day Two Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4.
Online conference for the patient:
Patient, local doctors at the nodal hospital and specialist doctors at the referral hospital
Day Two
OUT IN
Patient queue
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18. Hardware Configuration
Digital camera
Referral Hospital
Nodal Hospital
Scanner
Printer
Modem
Microscope and other medical instruments
Video Conference
Telephone
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19. Software Modules Offline Activities Online Activities
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20. For Off line Communication
Offline Module
NODAL CENTRE
REFERRAL CENTRE
Data Acquisition
User Interface
Patient data Browser
Data Distributor
Local DB
Temp
Files
Master
Database
Temp
Files
Data Distributor
Data Encryption
Data Decryption
D A T A
Data Sender
Data Receiver
Acknowledgement
Data Flow Diagram
For Off line Communication
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21. For Online Communication
Online Module
NODAL CENTRE
REFERRAL CENTRE
Data Acquisition
Online Session
Coordinator and communicator
Secure Communication Channel
Local DB
Master DB
Online Session
Coordinator and communicator
Video Conferencing
Video Conferencing
Data Flow Diagram
For Online Communication
Information Systems Department

22. A group of specialist doctors A group of general physicians
Personnel Involved
Referral end
A group of specialist doctors
System Administrator
Studio technician
Nodal end
A group of general physicians
System administrator
Data entry operator
Studio technician
Patients
Information Systems Department

23. Types of Telemedicine
Health Informatics

24. Types of telemedicine
Telemedicine can be classified into three main types:
Store-and-forward
Remote Monitoring
Interactive services
Information Systems Department

25. 1- Store-and-Forward Telemedicine
This type involves obtaining medical information, such as medical images, bio-signals etc. and then conveying this information to a doctor or medical specialist at a suitable time for evaluation offline.
This type of telemedicine does not require the presence of both parties together.
Information Systems Department

26. 1- Store-and-Forward Telemedicine
An appropriately prearranged Medical Record, if possible, in electronic form should be a part of this transfer.
A major difference between traditional in-person patient meetings and telemedicine is the exclusion of a regular physical assessment and history.
In this store-and-forward process, the doctor depends on a history report and audio/video data of a physical assessment.
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27. Monitoring of Vital Signs
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28. 2- Remote Monitoring
Enables medical professionals to monitor a patient remotely
Primarily used for managing chronic diseases or specific conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, or asthma.
These services can provide comparable health outcomes to traditional in-person patient encounters, supply greater satisfaction to patients, and may be cost-effective.
using various technological devices such as alarms for predefined condition
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29. Remote Monitoring of Vital Signs
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30. 3- Interactive Telemedicine Services
This service real-time interactions between patient and doctor.
This service includes phone conversations and online communication.
Several activities such as history assessment and physical tests can be performed comparably to those done in traditional face-to-face treatments.
“clinician-interactive” telemedicine services may be cheaper than personal clinical visits.
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31. What are the benefits of Telemedicine?
 Better Access
improving access to patient
telemedicine also permits physicians and health services to develop their reach, beyond their own offices.
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32. What are the benefits of Telemedicine?
 Economical
Telemedicine has been shown to decrease the cost of healthcare and increase efficiency through improved management of chronic diseases, shared health professional staffing, reduced travel times, and fewer or shorter hospital stays or visits.
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33. What are the benefits of Telemedicine?
 Reduced stress level in patients
With the usage of telemedicine technologies, the travel time and stress associated with it are reduced for the patient. Patients can stay in their local communities and can keep in contact with family and friends.
Information Systems Department

34. THANK YOU Have a great day 