1. Unit 1 – Science Inquiry
Biology

2. BIOLOGY – what is it?
Biology is the study of anything that is living or once was living

3. Characteristics of Life
1. Uses Energy:
Ex: Respiration – obtaining O2, using O2, and removing CO2: Metabolism-obtaining nutrients from sun or other sources
2. Reproduction – making of a new individual: Ex, asexual vs sexual
3. Movement – refers to the self-initiated change in position or internal body parts
4. Responsiveness – sense change inside and outside of the body
5. Growth – increase in body size

4. levels of organization
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues (groups of cells working together)
Organ (groups of tissues working together to perform a particular task

5. levels of organization
Organ System (group of organs working together to perform a particular task)
Organism (groups of organ systems working together to make a whole
Population (interbreeding species)
Community (all species in a given area)

6. levels of organization
12. Ecosystem (biotic and abiotic)
13. Biosphere (all areas on earth that sustain life)

7. Jobs in a Community
PRODUCERS: Organisms that make food in a community.
Examples: Anything that uses photosynthesis to make food; trees, bushes, algae…

8. Jobs in a Community
Primary Consumer: Animals that eat only plants (herbivore).
Examples; Rabbit, Deer, Bird…
Secondary Consumer: Animals that eat other animals (Carnivore or Omnivore)
Examples: Owl, Human, Bear…

9. Jobs in the Community
Decomposers: Living things that get their food from breaking down dead matter.
Examples: Bacteria, Fungi…
Importance: Without decomposers, the world would be covered in dead material, they are the RECYCLERS!

10. Domains Archaebacteria ancient bacteria Eubacteria use O2 for energy
Eukaryotes have nucleus
Archaebacteria stain in a geyser
E. Coli
Eukaryote Cell

11. Kingdoms Archaebacteria do not require oxygen Eubacteria Protists
Fungus
Plants
Animals

12. Kingdoms
Rankings – Organisms are grouped first by very broad characteristics; followed by more and more specific characteristics.
Kingdom – Largest category of classification
Phylum – Group of similar classes
Class – Group of similar orders
Order – Group of similar families
Family – Group of similar Genera (plural of genus)
Genus – Group of similar species
Species – smallest taxa (group); ONLY the same species can breed and produce fertile offspring!
* Kingdom is the largest and Species is the smallest taxa

13. Example for Humans KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Primates
FAMILY Hominidae
GENUS Homo
SPECIES sapiens

14. Scientific Method (on page 12 of packet please take notes)
-Identify a Problem: A question with a possible answer
-Collect Information about the problem
Create Hypothesis this is an educated guess that must be testable and an If / Then statement
-Test Hypothesis (This is the experiment/procedure)
-Make Observations (Collecting Data for proof)
-Come to a Conclusion-was hypothesis supported?
Revise Hypothesis and Retest

15. Experimental Design
Must set up variables / controls to test the hypothesis
Constant Variables – available to compare results to (does not change)
Independent Variable – Variable that is purposely changed by the experimenter (Changes at a constant rate Ex: Time)
Dependent Variable – A variable that results from the independent variable
(changes happen based on the independent variable)
Experimental Error – Mistakes that may skew results
Sample Size – Larger the better

16. Scientific Inquiry What is a Hypothesis? What is a Law
Educated guess that is testable
What is a Theory?
In science…it is a logical / testable model
Tries to explain the event
Set of Hypothesis that are put together
What is a Law
Well documented history of proven tests
Describes the event

17. Biology Terms Evolution Change in a population over time Mutation
Change in the genetic makeup of an individual
Survival of the Fittest: Organisms best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce
Natural Selection
Nature Chooses most suitable adaptations for the environment

18. Natural Selection Natural Selection
Individuals vary in form, function and behavior
Adaptive, Environmentally affected traits
Out come of differences are in survival and “reproduction”
Leads to a better fit with prevailing environmental conditions