1. Cell Processes and Energy
Photosynthesis

2. All about Photosynthesis

3. Where does almost all of the energy used by living things on Earth come from?
The Sun! Or sunlight

4. Chemosynthetic Organisms
Some Archaebacteria
Chemosynthetic Organisms
Get energy from chemicals such as sulfur

5. Using light to make food!
Photosynthesis
Photo= light
Synthesis= putting it together
The process in which green plants capture the sun’s energy and use it to make sugars (food, glucose)
Using light to make food!

6. Two Stage Process Stage One Stage Two
Captures Sun’s Energy
Stage Two
Cells use captured energy to produce sugars

7. Two Stage Process Stage One
Occurs in the Leaves and other Green parts of the plant
These parts contain Chloroplasts which contain the pigment Chlorophyll (acts like solar cell in calculator)

8. Stomata
Are small openings on the undersides of the leaves through which carbon dioxide enters and oxygen and water vapor leaves the plant
Stomata
Guard Cells
Guard Cells
Stomata
Bottom View
Cross Section

9. The Photosynthesis Equation
Water Carbon Dioxide Glucose + Oxygen + Water
(RAW MATERIALS) (PRODUCTS) (GIVEN OFF)
6H2O + 6CO > C6H12O6+ 6O2 (H 2O)
The Arrow means yields . Above and below the arrow you write light energy and chlorophyll

10. Photosynthesis Video (13:30)

11. Review Where do the raw materials for photosynthesis enter the plant?

12. What color of light do plants grow best in? (workbook page 46)

13. Which color of light do plants grow best in?

14. ROYGBIV
When light strikes a prism, its component colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet- become visible. Each plays a part in plant growth, but blue light is most important to photosynthesis, followed next in importance by red light. Plants stay short, stocky, and leafy when they receive plenty of blue. They stretch, flower, and fruit early under red light.

15. Cellular Respiration Storing and releasing energy
Plant cells save energy in the form of carbohydrates (sugar and starches)
Cells withdraw energy by breaking down carbohydrates in the process of cellular respiration

16. Cells break down sugars and release energy
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
(Raw Materials) (Products) + (energy)
In the presence of enzymes and mitochondria
Enzymes and Mitochondria

17. Extreme Energy Release (4 min)

18. Cellular Respiration

19. Two Stages of Respiration Stage One
Takes Place in the Cytoplasm
Sugar Molecules are Broken Down with the help of the lysosomes
Oxygen is NOT Involved in this Stage O2

20. Stage Two Takes Place in the Mitochondria
Sugar Molecules Broken Down Further and Large Amounts of Energy Released
Oxygen IS Needed in This Stage

21. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Opposite Processes- What Does that mean?
Products of one process are the raw materials of the other!
Together they form a Cycle

22. Photosynthesis/Respiration Cycle A Symbiotic Relationship

23. Respiration Video

24. Animals produce carbon dioxide Plants use carbon dioxide
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
Animals use oxygen
Animals produce carbon dioxide
Plants use carbon dioxide
Plants produce oxygen

25. Fermentation Similar to Respiration- However- Oxygen Is Not Needed!!
Much Less Energy Produced!!
Yeast (a type of fungi) uses this process

26. Two Types of Fermentation
ALCOHOLIC
Yeast cells produce Alcohol when sugar broken down
CO2 and a small amount of energy are also produced
CO2 causes dough to rise and bubbles in beer, sparkling wine and soda.
LACTIC ACID
Occurs in the muscles of your body
Occurs when you are using up O2 faster than you can breath it in
Lactic acid is the product which makes your muscles cramp

27. How Cells Work (16 min)

28. Respiration in Yeast Lab
Time (minutes)
Amount of CO2 (ppm)
3206 5
18778 10
48512 15
64380 20
72158