1. Independence Movement in India
Unit 6: Modern India

2. Sepoy Mutiny British East India Company Who are the Sepoys?
Hired Indian Soldiers
Hindus and Muslims Revolt against British
Reasons
Racism
Perception of Conversion
Nationalism
Cartridges greased with Pork Fat

3. Sepoy Mutiny Sepoys gain control of Delhi
Eventually driven back.
British Gov’t seize control of India
Government of India Act 1858
No longer BEIC controlled
Raj- British appointed leader of India.
Racism increases tensions

4. Britain’s Jewel in the Crown
Bad for India
Good for India
GB restricts Indian industry
Indians must buy GB goods
Cash crops disrupt agriculture
Famines in late 1800s
GB controls political power
Railroads/infrastructure
Phone lines
Better sanitation/ public health
Schools and literacy
No more local warfare

5. Aftermath of Sepoy Rebellion
Unit 5: Modern India

6. Ram Mohun Roy Father of Modern India Give up traditional ways.
No more arranged marriages.
Only way to escape foreign influence

7. Nationalism Continued
Indian National Congress
Formed in 1885
Hindu
Muslim League
Formed in 1906
Worked together to gain independence

8. A Promise Not Kept…WWI
British Entice Indians to fight for British in WWI.
In exchange for self governance
After the War…No Independence for You!
Violence ensues
Rowlatt Acts (April 1919)-
Jail Protestors of British without trial for 2 years

9. Amritsar Massacre Indian angry about Rowlatt Acts British Response
10,000 Hindu go to Amritsar
Fast, Pray, Political speeches
British Response
Send Troops to disperse protests
Fire upon the crowd
GB Report: 400 killed
Indian Report: Over 1,000 killed
Nationalist movement explodes

10. Who’s Got Two Thumbs and Is Kind of A Big Deal?
Unit 5: Modern India

11. Mohandas Gandhi 1869-1948 Born as a Kshatriya Studied in London
Wants Equality
Studied in London
Takes a job in South Africa
Works against discrimination
Develops Satyagraha
“Devotion to truth”
Civil Disobedience- Nonviolent
Blend All Religions
Becomes known as Mahatma
“Great Soul”

12. “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind”

13. Mohammad Ali Jinnah 1876-1948 Studied at Bombay University
Became a lawyer
Elected President of Muslim League in 1916.
Already a member of Indian National congress
Split with INC in 1920 over non cooperation.
Leader of the Pakistan Independence movement

14. Gandhi’s Civil Disobedience movement
Unit 5: India

15. Gandhi's Theory on Civil Disobedience
Does one have a moral obligation to always obey the law?
Should one obey an unjust law?
Civil Disobedience-disobeying unjust laws

16. Gandhi's Non Cooperation Movement: 1920
Boycotts
Refuse to buy British Goods
Refuse to attend government schools
Pay taxes
Vote in elections
Ride railroad
1 day work stoppage
Gandhi and Jinnah split over the issue

17. Non Cooperation Movement results
British economy suffered.
Jails became overcrowded.
Muslims and Hindu’s Split
Several British officers were murdered.
Gandhi Calls off movement

18. Salt March: 1930 British have monopoly on Salt.
Control sale and tax
Gandhi wants to break monopoly
March 241 miles to Dandi
Spoke to crowds
Followers grew larger
Picked up natural salt when he reached Dandi
60,000 arrested w/ Gandhi

19. The Tides Begin to Turn
Unit 6: Modern India

20. Movement Towards Victory
1935 Government of India Act:
Limited self gov’t
Democratic elections
Tensions still exist between Hindus and Muslims
Why?
Who will Rule?

21. Final Push WWII Who will rule? Muhammad Ali Jinnah
British Exhausted
Negotiations begin
Who will rule?
Hindus or Muslims
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Pushes for Pakistan
Violence erupts in Calcutta
August 1946
Thousands dead & Injured

22. Partition of India
Unit 5: Modern India

23. Partition of India Ensure Security
India is Split
July 16, 1947 India and Pakistan formed
Muslims: NW & East areas become Pakistan
Hindus: India sub continent

24. Results THE MORE YOU PUSH THE FASTER YOU’LL GET OUT!
Scramble between Muslims and Hindus
Sikhs have to make a decision
1 million people die in the riots and fighting
Gandhi is assassinated

25. Partition of India

26. Gandhi on Partition
“What is there to celebrate…I see nothing but rivers of blood?”
Tried to protect Muslim Refugees
January 30, 1948
Killed by Hindu extremist

27. Tensions begin to Rise
Unit 6: Modern India

28. Dispute of Kashmir Kashmir wanted Independence Pakistan claimed Region
Hindu Leader
Muslim Population
Forced to sign treaty with India under threat of invasion by Pakistan
Pakistan claimed Region
UN involvement
Vote?
Cease fire and quasi border established

29. Significance of Kashmir
Geography
Control the Indus river
Religious Sites
Amaranth
Holy Hindu Site
Stalagmites Form that hold secrets of life according to Hindus
Pilgrimage
Muslim Separatists
Gov’t Creating temporary cities.
Muslims believe they are attempting to change demographic

30. India and the Bomb “The Smiling Buddha” Pakistan tests in 1998
Nuke tested in ‘74
Pakistan tests in 1998
Nuclear Power Today
Non Proliferation Treaty
USA, Russia, UK, France and China
Not Members
India, Pakistan, North Korea

31. Dealing with Freedom
Unit 6: Modern India

32. Pakistan Dealing with Independence
East Pakistan vs. West Pakistan
Separated by 1600 KM
Gov’t dominated by West
East felt underrepresented
Coalition fails
West Pakistan invades
Kills 1.5 million
India intervenes
East Pakistan=Bangladesh in 1971

33. India After Independence
Unit 5: India

34. India Dealing with Independence
1st PM-Jawaharlal Nehru
Governed for 17 yrs.
Democracy & Modernization
Neutral during Cold War

35. Indira Gandhi- Prime Minister 1967-1977 and 1980-1984
Nerhu’s Daugther
Major Issue
Sikh Extremists
Response
Indian troops storm Golden Temple at Amritsar in June of 1984
Sikh Response
Body Guards assassinate her

36. Atal Bihari Vajpayee: 1998-2004
Increase Nuclear Capability
First Nuclear Device detonated in 1974.
Pakistan Response
Test first device in 1998.
World Response
Uneasy about Kashmir
USA withholds aid
Atal visits Pakistan
Tensions ease

37. Manmohan Singh: 2004-Today
Reelected in 2012
Major Issues
Population
#1 by 2035
Globalization
Wealth disparity
First Sikh to hold office of Prime Minister

38. Globalization and India
Unit 6: Modern India

39. India’s Population Boom
India will over take China by 2035

40. Economic Development Supply and Demand Free trade Profit Motive
Free Market
Controlled Markets
Supply and Demand
Free trade
Profit Motive
Gov’t Controlled
High Tariffs/No Trade
Communism
Inefficient
Creates Massive Wealth and Inequality
Inherently Wasteful/No Incentives to Progress

41. India’s Economic Development
Command Economy (1947 – 1990)
After independence, India tried to develop rapidly.
“Permit Raj-” all economic development planned by gov.
Up to 80 agencies to get a permit to open a private company
Protective tariffs
Economy stagnates
Too much regulation
No foreign investment

42. India’s Economic Development (1991 - Present) Free Market Capitalism
India de-regulates econ.
Privatization
Tax reform
Foreign Direct Invest.
way up
Gov. controls Inflation

43. India’s Economic Development (1991 - Present) Free Market Capitalism
Income per capita

44. India’s Economic Development (1991 - Present) Free Market Capitalism
Indian Exports
Common luxuries?

45. Sweatshops
TWO CHEERS FOR SWEATSHOPS.htm

46. Problems with Indian Economic Development
Poverty – Unequal Income Distribution
Child Labor – few labor laws
Pollution – few environmental laws
Lax Regulation –
How do you attract investors AND regulate working conditions, still pay your workers well & stop companies that pollute?
BBC ON THIS DAY | 3 | 1984: Hundreds die in Bhopal chemical accident

47. Problems with Indian Economic Development (for the US)
Outsourcing
How can the US compete with countries that have no labor or environmental laws & do not regulate their industries?
The Simpsons - Outsourcing India - uZood Video