1. SMART GRID BASED FAULT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Presented By
Guided By R.Poornima ( )
Mrs.H.Abirami, Asst. Prof/ICE A.Ramalakshmi ( )
M.Saroj Krishna Priya( )

2. OBJECTIVE The aim of our project is to provide quick access of fault.
SERVICE PROVIDER
DISTRIBUTOR
CONSUMER

3. ABSTRACT
Smart grid provides an excellent solution to enhance the performance of power system. The proposed system is used to automatically detect the faults such as short circuit, ground fault, overload in a power line. Detected fault is communicated through wireless technology.

4. FAULT IN POWER LINE FAULT LOCATING TECHNIQUES Terminal method
parameters measured at the ends of cable
Tracer method
Inspection along the cable
TYPES OF FAULT
Transient fault
Symmetric fault
Asymmetric fault
Persistent fault

5. SMART GRID
A system of interconnected micro grid that can monitor & heal itself
A two way digital communication system
Uses smart meters, power line sensors, remote switches, and other automated equipment to improve power reliability and restoration

6. ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM

7. FUNCTIONS OF DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION
Stepping down the transmission voltage up to the distribution voltage level.
Distribution of power in multiple directions.
Disconnect and re-connect from the H/V transmission grid or L/V distribution feeders using circuit breakers.

8. TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
RADIAL DISTRIBUTION
RING DISTRIBUTION

9. BLOCK DIAGRAM-TRANSMITTER MODULE
CURRENT SENSOR(CURRENT TRANSFORMER)
PIC 16F877A
RELAY CIRCUIT
ENCODER
TRIPPING UNIT
RF TRANSMITTER
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
TRANSFORMER

10. BLOCK DIAGRAM-RECEIVER MODULE
RF RECEIVER MODULE
DECODER
PIC 16F877A
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
LOGIC CONVERTER
RS 232 LOGIC

11. HARDWARE COMPONENTS – TRANSMISSION END
Current transformer
Temperature sensor (LM35)
Input module of PIC
Rectifier
Filter
Voltage regulator
Peripheral Interrupt Controller
Tripping unit
Encoder
RF transmitter

12. HARDWARE COMPONENTS – RECEIVING END
RF receiver
Decoder
Crystal Oscillator
Logic converter (MAX 232)
Grid server

13. SOFTWARE PICkit-2 Proteus MPLAB – IDE System Analysis : Embedded C
Visual Basic

14. SYSTEM ANALYSIS Sensor senses the change in current and temperature
Corresponding coding for the fault is sent through RF transmitter to the substation
The state of power line is continuously monitored by visual basic software.

15. SHORT CIRCUIT
an abnormal connection of low resistance between two points of a circuit
They sense the excess current and break the circuit so that no current can flow
When excess of current flows through a power line which is greater than its resistance, short circuit occurs
The current transformer serves as a current sensor.

16. BREAKAGE – EXCESS OF TEMPERATURE
rise in temperature of a power line may be due to excess of current or other environmental factors
Under such condition the power line which has low resistance towards temperature will break easily
temperature rise is detected by temperature sensor.

17. PROJECT INFERENCE
The fault thus identified is sent to the substation through the RF module.
The state of power line is continuously monitored using visual basic.
Includes the nature of fault, time of occurrence, temperature of oil in transformer, location of power line, time taken to rectify the fault and reset condition.

18. ALGORITHM FOR TRANSMITTER MODULE 1. Start the program.
2. Initialize the I/O and serial baud rate as 9600.
3. Check the condition for over load
If the current value > 2.8 A
Set Flag1 = 0
4. Check the condition of temperature
If the temperature > 32°C
Set Flag2= 0
5. If flag1 or flag2 is 0, trip the circuit.
6. Encode the output signal to transmitter module

19. ALGORITHM FOR RECEIVER MODULE 1. Start the program
2. Initialize the I/O and serial baud rate as 9600.
3. If flag1=1 or flag2=1, decode the signal
4. Convert TTL – RS232 logic

20. ALGORITHM – VISUAL BASIC
1. Start the program.
2. Initialize the values for comm_port, temperature and current.
3. If comm_port value is high, read the decoded values.
4. If temperature flag is high, glow red;
Else glow green.
5. If current flag is high, glow red;
6. Display until the flag is reset.
7. Record the time of occurrence.

21. SCREEN SHOT – FAULT DETECTION

22. CONCLUSION
By our project an automatic fault identification is developed.
Quick access of fault
Eliminates the barrier involved in communication

23. FUTURE WORK
Routing of power using Internet Protocol to ensure uninterrupted power supply

24. THANK YOU