1. Chapter 7
Launching a New Nation

2. George Washington leads a new nation
1789: George Washington became the first president of the United States
Many American’s wanted him to be president
Honest
Hero of the
revolution

3. Electors from the 11 states that passed the Constitution met in January 1789 to vote
They formed a group called the electoral college – a body of electors who represent the peoples vote in choosing a president
They selected Washington unanimously and chose John Adams to be vice president

4. Martha Washington
First lady Martha Washington entertained at social events

5. Congress and the president organize the executive and judicial branches
Executive branch:
The new government would set precedent or examples for future action.
Congress created executive departments.
Dept of State, Treasury, and War
The presidents cabinet served as his advisors
Alexander Hamilton was chosen as Secretary of the Treasury, and Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State

6. Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 to set up the federal court system.
The act created three levels of federal courts and defined powers.
It set up federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals.
The president nominated federal judges.

7. Expectations The U.S. had 4 million people in 1790 Most were farmers
Fair tax laws
Settle western land
Merchants, laborers, and craftspeople wanted help with their businesses
The first capital was New York City
Trade center and economic hub
33,000 people and growing rapidly

8. Expectations
Some Americans lived in growing cities like New York. However, the new republic was overwhelmingly rural. Most Americans lived and worked on farms.
Why might rural Americans and urban Americans want different things from their new government?

10. Hamilton and National Finances

12. W Philadelphia Washington D.C.
It is 141 miles from Philadelphia to Washington D.C.

13. VS.
Alexander Hamilton

17. What is a political party?
A political party is a group of people who have similar beliefs about how government should be run.
These people work together to influence government actions, elect candidates who support their beliefs and try to guide the growth of the country.

18. Democratic Republican Party
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison founded the Democratic Republican Party
Who joined and supported the Democratic Republican Party?
Farmers
Craft workers
Some wealthy planters

19. Federalist Party Alexander Hamilton founded the Federalist Party
Who joined and supported the Federalist Party?
Merchants
Southern planters

20. Democratic Republicans Federalists
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Emphasis on manufacturing, shipping, trading
Strong central government
Loose interpretation of the Constitution
Pro-British
Favored national bank
Favored protective tariffs
Wealthy and well educated should lead the nation
Emphasis on
agriculture (farming)
Strong state governments
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Pro French
Opposed national bank
Opposed protective tariffs
All types of people should have political power

22. Challenges for the New Nation
French Revolution:
The French rebel against their King and
establish a
republican
government
based on the
example of the
United States.

23. French Revolution
The French wanted to spread their ideas of revolution to other countries which led to war with Britain.
Violent: King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were beheaded.

25. Read
Page 244
The Neutrality Proclamation
The French Question

26. Threats to U.S. Neutrality
British ships seized American ships carrying food the West Indies
British were helping Native Americans fight settlers
U.S. lacked a strong navy
U.S. business relied on trade with Britain

27. Jay’s Treaty
Jay’s Treaty settled the disputes between Britain and the U.S.
British would pay damages on seized American ships
Abandon their forts on the northwestern frontier
U.S. would pay its debts it owed to Britain

28. Pinckney’s Treaty Settled the border and trade disputes with Spain.
Opened the port of New Orleans to American ships

29. Read page 246 – 247: Conflict in the Northwest Territory up to The Whiskey Rebellion

30. Whiskey Rebellion
5:30

31. Washington
George Washington decides not to run for a third term as president.
Read page 249
What are some of the dangers Washington warned about?