1. Text Structure
Compare/Contrast

2. Using text structure
When you look at the text structure of a text, you can find the big ideas and see how to organize your summary.
Chronological Order/Sequence
Description
Compare and Contrast
Cause and Effect
Problem/Solution

3. Compare/Contrast Text Structure
The author explains how two or more things are alike
and/or how they are different.
Details can be in any order in the text.
Text could just focus on one or the other (or both).

4. Compare/Contrast Text Structure- Signal Words
Differs from, similar to
In contrast, alike, however
Same as, as well as
On the other hand, both, either…or
Not only…but also, yet, although, but
*Also look for “-er/-est” words
(best, fewer, tallest, more, most)

5. Compare/Contrast Text Structure- Graphic Organizer

6. Compare/Contrast Text Structure-Summary Questions
What items are being compared (contrasted)?
What is it about the subjects that are being compared (contrasted)?
What characteristics of items form the basis of the comparison (contrast)?
What characteristics do they have in common; how are these items alike?
In what way are these items different?

7. Compare/Contrast Passage- Example
Alligators and crocodiles, along with their relatives the caimans and the gavials, are very much alike. These crocodilians are reptiles with long snouts, long tails, four short legs, tough skin, and sharp teeth. There are some differences, however. Gavials have the longest snout and the most teeth. Some people say that alligators and crocodiles differ in the shape of their snouts and the positioning of their teeth. Zookeepers say that crocodiles move faster than alligators and have nastier dispositions.
We do together as a whole class.

8. Compare/Contrast Passage-Example
Alligators and crocodiles, along with their relatives the caimans and the gavials, are very much alike. These crocodilians are reptiles with long snouts, long tails, four short legs, tough skin, and sharp teeth. There are some differences, however. Gavials have the longest snout and the most teeth. Some people say that alligators and crocodiles differ in the shape of their snouts and the positioning of their teeth. Zookeepers say that crocodiles move faster than alligators and have nastier dispositions.
We do together as a whole class.

9. Compare/Contrast Paragraph-Example
My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, both are small rural communities. For example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a population of only about 10,000 people. Similarly, my college town, Subnormal, consists of about 11,000 local residents. This population swells to 15,000 people when the college students are attending classes. A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural areas. Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. In the same way, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle. Thirdly, both of these towns are similar in that both contain college campuses. Gridlock, for example, is home to Neutron College, which is famous for its Agricultural Economics program as well as for its annual Corn-Watching Festival. Likewise, the town of Subnormal boasts the beautiful campus of Quark College, which is well known for its Agricultural Engineering department and also for its yearly Hog-Calling Contest.
Show this example after cards have been shared with partners and collected. Look for organization and any signal words used.

10. Compare/Contrast Paragraph-Example
My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, both are small rural communities. For example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a population of only about 10,000 people. Similarly, my college town, Subnormal, consists of about 11,000 local residents. This population swells to 15,000 people when the college students are attending classes. A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural areas. Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. In the same way, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle. Thirdly, both of these towns are similar in that both contain college campuses. Gridlock, for example, is home to Neutron College, which is famous for its Agricultural Economics program as well as for its annual Corn-Watching Festival. Likewise, the town of Subnormal boasts the beautiful campus of Quark College, which is well known for its Agricultural Engineering department and also for its yearly Hog-Calling Contest.
Show this example after cards have been shared with partners and collected. Look for organization and any signal words used.

11. Compare/Contrast Notes Organizer
POINT #1 Both are small rural communities.
     DETAIL (a) Gridlock has about 10,000 people.
     DETAIL (b) Subnormal has about 11,000 local residents. It has about 4000 college students.
POINT #2 Both are located in rural areas.
     DETAILS (a) Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland. This farmland is devoted to growing corn. The land is also used to grow soybeans.
     DETAILS (b) Subnormal is in the center of land used for raising hogs. This land is also used to raise cattle.
POINT #3 Both towns contain college campuses.
     DETAILS (a) Gridlock is home to Neutron College. This college is famous for its Agricultural Economics program. It is also famous for its annual Corn-Watching Festival.
     DETAILS (b) Subnormal contains Quark College. This campus is famous for its Agricultural Engineering department. It is also famous for its yearly Hog-Calling Contest.

12. Same Topic-Different Paragraph Organization
My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, my hometown, Gridlock, is a small town. It has a population of only about 10,000 people. Located in a rural area, Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which are devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. Gridlock also contains a college campus, Neutron College, which is famous for its Agricultural Economics program as well as for its annual Corn-Watching Festival. As for my college town, Subnormal, it too, is small, having a population of about 11,000 local residents, which swells to 15,000 people when students from the nearby college are attending classes. Like Gridlock, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle. Finally, Subnormal is similar to Gridlock in that it also boasts a beautiful college campus, called Quark College. This college is well known not only for its Agricultural Engineering department but also for its yearly Hog-Calling Contest.

13. Same Topic-Different Paragraph Organization
My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, my hometown, Gridlock, is a small town. It has a population of only about 10,000 people. Located in a rural area, Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which are devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. Gridlock also contains a college campus, Neutron College, which is famous for its Agricultural Economics program as well as for its annual Corn-Watching Festival. As for my college town, Subnormal, it too, is small, having a population of about 11,000 local residents, which swells to 15,000 people when students from the nearby college are attending classes. Like Gridlock, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle. Finally, Subnormal is similar to Gridlock in that it also boasts a beautiful college campus, called Quark College. This college is well known not only for its Agricultural Engineering department but also for its yearly Hog-Calling Contest.

14. Detail Organizer Comparison Paragraph -- Organized by Subtopic
TOPIC SENTENCE My hometown and college town are similar.
SUBTOPIC #1: GRIDLOCK
DETAILS ABOUT GRIDLOCK: Gridlock is a small town. It has about 10,000 people. Gridlock is in a rural area. It is surrounded by many acres of farmland. This farmland is devoted to growing corn. The land is also used to grow soybeans. Gridlock is home to Neutron College. This college is famous for its Agricultural Economics program. It is also famous for its annual Corn-Watching Festival.
SUBTOPIC#2: SUBNORMAL
DETAILS ABOUT SUBNORMAL: Subnormal is a small town. Subnormal has about college students. It has about 11,000 local residents. Subnormal is in a rural area. Subnormal is in the center of land used for raising hogs. This land is also used to raise cattle. Subnormal contains Quark College. This campus is famous for its Agricultural Engineering department. It is also famous for its yearly Hog-Calling Contest.

15. Pair Examples Each pair will get a different example.
Read through the paragraph (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS COPY, PLEASE).
Look over the questions on the yellow half sheet.
Answer the questions for your paragraph.
Be prepared to share your responses with the class! 

16. Example #1
You already know that there are major differences between a house and a nest. In contrast to a house, a nest is small and only has one room. Another difference is that a house is typically for humans, while a nest is for birds. However, you might be surprised to find out that nests and houses have some things that are the same. For instance, both nests and houses provide shelter. Another similarity is that both use trees in their construction. Birds use sticks and twigs, while humans use lumber from trees. Last, they are alike because they both take up space, although a house usually takes up more than a nest!

17. Example #2
Thousands of years ago the Native people of North America had to build houses that fit their life. One kind of house was a tipi. The Plains people lived in tipis. Tipis were easy to put up and take down. In fact, it only took about half an hour to set them up. This was perfect for the Plains people who spent their time hunting and following herds of animals.
The Inuit, who lived in the cold Arctic region, spent part of the year living in igloos. Igloos were temporary homes like tipis. However, they were built for the cold winter months, whereas a tipi could be used year round. Both tipis and igloos had one main room that the family lived in and were usually made for a single family. Tipis and igloos were made of very different materials. Igloos were made from blocks of snow stacked on top of each other, while tipis were made from buffalo hide, tree bark, or grass. The shape of tipis and igloos was also different. Tipis were cone-shaped, using three or four poles for support. In contrast, igloos were dome-shaped.

18. Example #3
Weather is all around us. Weather may be one of the first things you notice after you wake up. Chances are, if it is cold and snowing, you'll wear a jacket when you go outside. If it's hot and sunny, you may wear shorts. Sounds pretty simple, right? But what about climate? How is it different from weather? And what is weather, exactly? Weather Weather describes whatever is happening outdoors in a given place at a given time. Weather is what happens from minute to minute. The weather can change a lot within a very short time. For example, it may rain for an hour and then become sunny and clear. Weather is what we hear about on the television news every night. Weather includes daily changes in precipitation, barometric pressure, temperature, and wind conditions in a given location . What is your weather like today? Climate Climate describes the total of all weather occurring over a period of years in a given place. This includes average weather conditions, regular weather sequences (like winter, spring, summer, and fall), and special weather events (like tornadoes and floods). Climate tells us what it's usually like in the place where you live. San Diego is known as having a mild climate, New Orleans a humid climate, Buffalo a snowy climate, and Seattle a rainy climate. How would you describe the climate where you live?

19. What makes a good summary?
On the back of your graphic organizer, write a 2-3 sentence summary of the paragraph using your notes from the graphic organizer.
DON’T FORGET TO…
Include the important ideas from the text
Put ideas in your own words
Leave out little details and repeated information
Use the text structure of the text

20. Text Structure
Pause and Review

21. NAME THAT STRUCTURE!
The author explains a topic, idea, person, place, or thing by listing characteristics, features, and examples. Focus is on one thing and its components (parts).
DESCRIPTION
The author lists items or events in numerical or chronological (time) order. Describes the order of events or how to do or make something.
SEQUENCE
The author explains how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different. Details can be in any order in the text.
COMPARE/CONTRAST

22. Sequence-Paragraph Structure Exit Card
*Now it’s your turn-pick something you know how to make or do. Put this example on a note card. Fill in additional signal words and sentences if you have more than 4 steps! Here is how (a) ____________ is made (is done). First, ________ __________________________. Next, ________________________________. Then, ________________. Finally, ________________________ __________________________________.
Students pick a topic of their own and write their responses on a note card. Share with either their small table group and/or a partner around the room (from partner maps?). COLLECT CARDS AFTER SHARING, then show next slide.

23. Description-Paragraph Structure
*Now it’s your turn-pick a subject you know a lot about to describe. Put this on a note card. A ________ is a type of _________. It is made up of ____________ and looks like ___________. Some ________ have _________ such as _________. For example, _____________. __________ has several characteristics. One characteristic is _______. Another is ___, which is important because _____________________________________.
Students pick a topic of their own and write their responses on a note card. Share with either their small table group and/or a partner around the room (from partner maps?). COLLECT CARDS AFTER SHARING, then show next slide.

24. Compare/Contrast -Paragraph Structure
*Now it’s your turn-pick 2 subjects you know a lot about to compare and contrast. Put this on a sheet of paper along with a graphic organizer to take notes on first. ____________ and ____________ are similar in several ways. They both ____________________________. They also ______________________________. Finally, both __________________________. Because of these similarities, we can _________________________________. ___________ and _____________ are different in several ways. One difference is that ________, while on the other hand, _____________. Another way they differ is __________. In addition, __________, however, ______. In contrast, _______. These differences help us to see ______.
Students pick a topic of their own and write their responses on a note card. Share with either their small table group and/or a partner around the room (from partner maps?). COLLECT CARDS AFTER SHARING, then show next slide.