1. Travel
Trade
Industry

2. Tourism as a Transformation Agent
1 billion tourists in 2012*
When people visit other cultures they affect…
The surrounding environment
The community’s culture
The quality of life of people in the area
Q: Is the juice worth the squeeze?
Tourism as a Transformation Agent

3. Travel Trade Industry
Travel Agencies Tour Operators Tour Guides

4. Travel Trade Industry Overview
Airline Tickets
Traveler
Train Tickets
Cruise Tickets
 Tourist
Hotel Stays
 Trvl Agency
Resort Stays
 Passenger
Tour Guides
 Trvl Mngt Co
Restaurant Reservations
 Guest
Travel Insurance
Documentation Assistance
 Customer
Travel Advice

5. Travel Agencies Act as intermediaries or brokers, “middlemen”
They arrange tours or components of it
They earn money by getting commissions from suppliers such as hotels, F&B establishments, transport companies, and tour operators
They earn additionally from revenues from principals and customers
Travel Agencies

6. History
Thomas Cook, the father of travel agencies, helped 540 campaigners in 1841 travel from Leicaster to Loughborough for 1 schilling for train fare and food
Developed the packaged tour – inclusive of room and board with Midland Railway
Popularized big tour groups and international tours by the 1860s

11. Types of Travel Agencies
Europe
United States
Independents
Miniples
Multiples
Independent Travel Agencies
Consortiums
Mega Travel Agencies
Types of Travel Agencies

12. Advantages of acquiring the services of a Travel Agency
CRS (Computerize Reservation Systems) such as Galileo, amadeus, Abacus, Patheo, SABRE
GDS for Hospitality
FamTour (familiarization tour) aka Field Trip
Company/ Destination information
Strategic alliances and convenience

14. PTAA VISION
To be the leading and most respected travel and tourism association of choice.
PTAA MISSION
To upgrade and professionalize the members of the travel & tourism industry.
To act as the voice of the Philippine travel industry in all local and global concerns.

15. Locally, PTAA represents the travel/tour agency sector in:
1. Air Safety Foundation (ASF)  2. Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI) 3. Hotel & Tourism Institute of the Philippines (HTIP) 4. Tourism Industry Board Foundation Inc. (TIBFI) 5. Federation of Philippine Industries Inc. (FPII) 6. Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) - Phil. Chapter 7. National Tourism Council Board (NTCB) 8. Federation of Tourism Industries in the Philippines 

16. Benefits TAs get from joining the PTAA
Proper PTAA accreditation through the issuance of a PTAA membership certificate, sticker and Ids which are issued annually.
Participation in all industry events/ activities in which the association is involved.
Accreditation with BID, DFA, Embassies and other government agencies.
Participation in educational and other professional development programs, both sponsored by the Association and/ or co-sponsored with the companies.
Regular access to updated information on relevant industry issues, events and matters of general interest through memo circulars and the PTAA Record Locator, the association’s official publication.
Marketing exposures/ promotions inbound and outbound / referrals of prospective clients/ business contracts through the Membership Directory published on an annual basis.
Social Fellowship, networking opportunities local and international..
Participation in the ASEAN Tourism Forum- Travel Exchange (ATF-Travex)
Participation to familiarization tour organize by the Association.

17. Types of Travelers served by TAs
Businessmen ( - ) Leisure Travelers ( + ) International Travelers ( + )

18. Tour Operators Wholesaler of tours
Sells to TAs/ TMCs the tours that they create
So technically a TA is a middleman’s middleman; if you want to get cheaper tours, deal with a TO; TO > TA
International TOAs
ETOA, USTOA, AITO, PhilTOA

19. Travel Trade Industry Overview
Airline Tickets
Traveler
Train Tickets
Cruise Tickets
 Tourist
Hotel Stays
 Trvl Agency
Resort Stays
 Tour Optr
 Passenger
Tour Guides
 Trvl Mngt Co
Restaurant Reservations
 Guest
Travel Insurance
Documentation Assistance
 Customer
Travel Advice

20. Biggest Tour Expo is the ITB in Berlin, Germany every March
In the Philippines, biggest is PhilTOA’s Phil. Travel Mart
Tourism Expos

21. Tour Guides
Local guides who are experts in immersing visitors in the complete cultural experience
Knows everything about food, art, history, language, protocol, do’s and don’t’s, etc.
There are museum guides, eco-guides, walking tour guides, food guides, etc.
DoT has launched Mabuhay Guides
Experts in the field of international protocol, knows multiple languages, can manage first aid treatment, etc.

23. Principles of Tourism (Part 1)
Finals Coverage
Principles of Tourism (Part 1)

24. We have already covered…
History of Tourism and Evolution of Transportation
General Overview of Air, Land and Water Transport
Now we will have a basic insight into how the tourist “thinks”

25. ABRAHAM MASLOW’s HEIRARCHY OF NEEDS
Physiological – the needs of the human body
Safety – assurance of mental, emotional and physical security
Belongingness – the human desire to be wanted and loved
Esteem – individual’s desire to be recognized and respected
Self Actualization – the realization of a goal or dream

26. The Gradient of Tourists Psychocentric Midcentric Allocentric
STANLEY PLOG’s MODEL
The Gradient of Tourists Psychocentric Midcentric Allocentric

27. Psychocentrics Non-adventurous Prefer familiar travel Non-risk takers
Passive type of travelers

28. Midcentrics Personality is in-between psychoCs and alloCs
Most tourists belong in this category
A combination of characteristics

29. Allocentrics Tries new products and experiences Adventurous
Prefer the off-the-beaten track
Self-confident and self-aware

30. ERIC COHEN’s MODEL Organized Mass Tourist Individual Mass Tourist
Explorer
Drifter

31. ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST
INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST
Packaged tours by company
Prefers familiar environments
Major arrangements made by travel intermediaries
Tourists have control over their itinerary and time
Remains in the environmental bubble of their own country

32. Usually plans their own trip
Explorer
Drifter
Usually plans their own trip
Avoids developed and popular tourist attractions
Mixes with the locals but still prefers a little security blanket
Usually plans their own trip
Avoids touristy locations and prefers where the locals hang out
Takes a total immersion into the host culture: their food, art, history, language, habits and lifestyle, etc.

33. PHILIP PEARCE’s TRAVELERS CATEGORY
Tourist
Traveler
Holidaymaker
Jetsetter
Businessman
Migrant
Religious Pilgrim
Missionary
Overseas Exchange – Student
Conservationist
Anthropologist
Hippie
International Athlete
Overseas Journalist

34. TOURISTIC ATTITUDES Adventure seekers Mainstream tourists
- Educational Tours
- Family Excursions
- Corporate Excursions
- Vacations with family, friends or groups
Extreme tourists

35. FACTORS AFFECTING TOURIST MOTIVATIONS
Age
Family Lifecycle
Gender
Nationality and Identity
Work / Profession
Social Class and Income brackets

36. THE THING WE MUST REMEMBER IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT IS TO ALWAYS HAVE
EMPATHY
noun
The feeling that you understand and share another person’s experiences and emotions; the ability to share someone else’s feelings
e.g. pakikipagkapwa, pakikidalamhati, pakikiisa, pakikisama