1. Establishing a competitive and sustainable TNE market in China
Education Across Borders: Transnational Education SIG Forum
Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, 17 July 2015
Establishing a competitive and sustainable TNE market in China
AN INSIDER PERSPECTIVE
Mingyan Hu
PhD Candidate
School of Languages and Linguistics
Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD

2. Current landscape of TNE in China
Overall scale (MoE, 2015)
Tier 1
8 Chinese-foreign cooperative institutes
550,000 students
1,500,000 graduates
Tier 2
50 Chinese-foreign cooperative institutes
Tier 3
2000 Chinese-foreign cooperative programs
CFCRS
600+
Chinese colleges & universities
400+
Foreign colleges & universities
Chinese-foreign Cooperation in Running Schools
中外合作办学

3. Current landscape of TNE in China
TNE in China ≠ CFCRS ?
TNE in China
中外合作办学
CFCRS
Non-CFCRS
非中外合作办学
(With governmental approval)
(With governmental approval)
(Without governmental approval)
Central government
Provincial/municipal governments
Provincial/municipal governments
Tier 1 with legal status
Chinese-foreign cooperative institutes
中外合作办学机构
Inter-university communication and exchange programs
校际交流项目
International programs on a commercial basis
(e.g. chain or franchise)
商业化国际项目
Tier 2 without legal status
(With/without a commercial basis)
Chinese-foreign cooperative programs
中外合作办学项目 ?
Tier 3 various delivery models
(Without a commercial basis)
MoE Lists
(Adapted from Hu and Willis, in press)

4. Current landscape of TNE in China
The “New Normal”
Quality assurance
New skills

5. New growth points 50 Chinese-foreign cooperative institutes (Tier 2)
(MoE, 2015)

6. New growth points 50 Chinese-foreign cooperative institutes (Tier 2)
(MoE, 2015)

7. New growth points Chinese-foreign cooperative programs (Tier 3)
43 programs approved by MoE, 2nd half 2014
(MoE, January 2015)

8. New growth points Chinese-foreign cooperative programs (Tier 3)
43 programs approved by MoE, 2nd half 2014
(MoE, January 2015)

9. A tandem strategic framework
Guanxi/relationships Partnership
Through incremental stages
Program mobility
Provider mobility
Tier 3 Cooperative programs
Mechanical Engineering
Material Engineering
MoE approval
2010 Hannam University
2015 SCH University
Tier 2 Cooperative institutes
ASTU-SCH Cooperative College of Medical Cosmetology
Information Security
Architectural Design

10. Implications for Australian TNE providers
Obtaining Chinese government approval & Support
Providing new programs with changing skills
Moving to the central and western regions of China
Establishing Tier 2 cooperative institutes and Tier 3 cooperative programs in tandem

11. References
Australian Government. (February 2015). Transnational education in the public VET sector. Retrieved from Snapshots/Documents/TNE_Public%20VET%202013_FINAL.pdf Australian Government. (March 2015). Sino-Australian Forum on Transnational Education and Student Mobility. Retrieved from network/china/PolicyUpdates-China/Pages/Sino-Australian-Forum-on-Transnational-Education-and- Student-Mobility.aspx Australian Government. (May 2015). China-Transnational higher education update: The second meeting of the Deans’ Association of Chinese-foreign Cooperation in Running Schools. Retrieved from Education-Update.aspx Autralian Government. (October 2014). Transnational education in the higher education sector. Retrieved from Snapshots/Documents/Transnational%20education_HE_2013.pdf Custer, S. (2013). What do host countries think of TNE? New study shares insight. Retrieved from Dunning, J. H. (1992). The competitive advantage of countries and the activities of transnational corporation. Transnational Corporations, 1(1), Edwards, R., & Edwards, J. (2001). Internationalisation of education: A business perspective. Australian Journal of Education, 45(1),

12. References
Hu, M., & Willis, L. (In press). A critical review of cross-border/transnational education in China: Misunderstandings, peculiarities, and new interpretations towards a common framework.
McBurnie, G., & Ziguras, C. (2007). Transnational education: Issues and trends in offshore higher education. London: Routledge.
Ministry of Education. (2015). Lists of the Chinese-foreign cooperative institutes and programs (in Chinese). Retrieved from
Ministry of Education. (August 2013). Notice of the Chinese-foreign cooperative programs approved in the first half of Year 2013 (in Chinese). Retrieved from
Ministry of Education. (January 2014). Notice of the Chinese-foreign cooperative programs approved in the second half of Year 2013 (in Chinese). Retrieved from
Ministry of Education. (January 2015). Notice of the Chinese-foreign cooperative programs approved in the second half of Year 2014 (in Chinese). Retrieved from
Universities Australia. (April 2014). Offshore programs of Australian univerisities. Retrieved from Offshore Programs FINAL.pdf.aspx
Willis, M. (2007). Suggestions and procedures for choosing a Chinese institution of higher education as a partner. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 18(2-3), 9-43.