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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2. Homeostasis FEEDBACK MECHANISMS How is this done?
Homeostasis: maintaining stable internal environment
How is this done?
FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

3. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
Last step of the series controls the first

4. POSITIVE FEEDBACK
A secondary substance increases production of the initial substance
Ex. Earth’s Temperature and ice caps
Ex. Oxytocin and contractions

5. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
A secondary substance inhibits production of the initial stimulating substance
A = Insulin
B = glucagon (sugar)

8. Endocrine FUNCTION
Communication system that controls metabolism, growth, development
Uses chemical messengers (hormones)

9. PARTS Glands: organs that secrete hormones
Hormones: chemical messengers that act on target cells

10. Relies on circulatory system to send chemical message.

11. PITUITARY GLAND Size of a pea
Produces hormones that affects other glands (thyroid, gonads, adrenal glands)
controls growth, metabolism, sexual development, and reproduction
Known as “master gland”

12. Growth hormone or GH - GH stimulates growth in childhood and is important for maintaining a healthy body composition. In adults it is also important for maintaining muscle mass and bone mass. It can affect fat distribution in the body.
Adrenocorticotropin or ACTH - ACTH stimulates production of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Cortisol, a so-called "stress hormone," is vital to survival. It helps maintain blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH - TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones, which, in turn, control (regulate) the body's metabolism, energy, growth and development, and nervous system activity.
Luteinizing hormone or LH - LH regulates testosterone in men and estrogen in women. (gonadotropin)
Follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH - FSH promotes sperm production in men and stimulates the ovaries to release eggs (ovulate) in women. LH and FSH work together to allow normal function of the ovaries or testes. (gonadotropin)
Oxytocin - Oxytocin causes milk letdown in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth.
Antidiuretic hormone or ADH - ADH, also called vasopressin, is stored in the back part of the pituitary gland and regulates water balance. If this hormone is not secreted properly, this can lead to problems of sodium (salt) and water balance, and could also affect the kidneys so that they do not work as well.

13. Gigantism: over production of growth hormone
Pituitary Disorder
Gigantism: over production of growth hormone
Tallest man recorded: 8 ft 11 in

14. THYROID Butterfly-shaped that surrounds trachea
Produces thyroxin and calcitonin
Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and metabolism

15. ADRENAL GLANDS Triangle shaped and located on top of kidneys
Produces adrenaline
Responds to stress

16. PANCREAS
Produces insulin and glucagons to regulate
blood sugar levels

17. Thymus
Thymus: stimulates formation of white blood cells (T-cells)

18. Gonads
Gonads: sex hormones

19. Create and fill in this chart on the back
Feature
Endocrine
Nervous System
Organs involved
Type of Signal
(electrical or chemical)
Rate of Transfer
(fast or slow?)
Voluntary or
Involuntary?
Examples of Processes Controlled

20. Endocrine vs. Nervous System