1. Contemporary Tools

2. Learning objectives:
The student will be able to identify and discuss contemporary analytic tools in mapping the earth’s surface.

3. GIScience
Geographic Information Science (GIScience): “Involves the development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies” (Rubenstein, , p. 12).
Most accurate form of mapping and complex
Created by Satellites that sends information to Earth.

4. Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing: “The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods” (Rubenstein, 2013, p. 12).
Sensors include photographic images, thermal images, multispectral scanners, and radar images.
Data, not information.

5. Manila (Multi-Sensor Approach)

6. Geographic Information System (GIS)
GIS: “a computer system that captures, stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographic data” (Rubenstein, 2013, p. 12).
Mathematical precision used and stored in a computer
Layers are created upon one another to create a precise image.
Layers can be combined to show information

7. GIS Contains Multiple Layers

8. Video

9. GPS (Global Positioning System)
GPS: “the system that accurately determines the precise position of something on earth” (Rubenstein, 2013, p. 12).
Three main elements:
Satellites placed in predetermined orbits by the U.S. military (24 total, 3 in reserve)
Tracking stations present to monitor and control satellites
A receiver locates at least 4 satellites, figures out the distance to ach, and uses this information to pinpoint location.

10. GPS

11. Mash-UPS Overlays data (usually from a database) on a map.
Anyone can make