1. Metals and Plastics In this section you will learn
Metals/ non-metals. Uses of metals (5)
Properties of metals (6)
Properties of non-metals (6)
Exp. Metal or non-metal use bulb circuit, 1 exception 4 examples of each.
Alloys, examples (3), uses (3) reasons for making (2)
Alkali group 1 metals, physical properties (4), chemical properties (4)
Use of alkali metals (3)
Reaction metals with acid, Zinc with hydrochloric acid, word equation + chemical equation
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2. Metals and Plastics You will learn
Four metals and exp. Show reactivity order with acid and water.
Corrosion and exp. Show conditions needed for rusting (3 test tubes to set up)
Rust prevention (3 ways)
Plastics (examples 5), uses (5). properties of plastics (5) and how it affects their use (5)
Problems of plastic for environment (2)
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4. Metals Properties of Metals Shiny appearance Lustrous
Can be hammered into sheets Malleable
Can be drawn into a wire Ductile
Conduct electricity
Conduct heat
High melting points and boiling points
High density, sink in water.
Metals make a ringing sound when you strike them.
Metals are strong
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5. Non-Metals Properties of Non-metals Low melting and boiling points
If they are solids they are not shiny
Do not conduct heat or electricity
They are not malleable or ductile.
They are brittle
They have low densities and are light
Exceptions
Carbon in the form of graphite is good conductor of electricity
Carbon in the form of diamond is shiny and has a high melting
point.
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6. Metals
You must know 2 examples of the colour and state of two metals and two non-metals.
Write down 2 examples of metals and two non-metals now.
Answers
Metal
colour
state
Gold
yellow
solid
Copper
brown
non-metal
Carbon
black
Sulphur
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7. Metals Exceptions for metals Mercury is a liquid at room temperature
Lead is a dull metal not shiny
Calcium is a brittle metal
The alkali metals have some very different properties as we will investigate now.
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8. Metals Questions Are all metals solids at room temperature?
List five properties of metals.
How could you show metals conduct electricity?
Name a dull metal.
Some metals are soft name one.
What does malleable mean?
What does ductile mean?
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9. Alkali Metals Honours Litium Sodium Potassium D. Mac an Aircinn
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10. Alkali Metals(Honours)
Group 1 elements in the periodic table
All very reactive so not found free in nature
Like most metals they are shiny
Like most metals they conduct electricity
Unlike most metals they are soft (cut with a knife)
Unlike most metals they have low melting points and boiling points.
Unlike most metals they have low densities and float on water.
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11. Alkali Metals (Honours)
Chemical properties
React with air to form oxides
React with water to form hydroxides and hydrogen
Metals burn with coloured flames
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12. Alkali Metals (Honours)
Reaction with air
Lithium + Oxygen  Lithium Oxide
Sodium + Oxygen  Sodium Oxide
Potassium + Oxygen  Potassium Oxide
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13. Alkali Metals (Honours)
Reaction with water give hydroxides and hydrogen
Lithium + Water  Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Sodium + Water  Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
Potassium + Water  Potassium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
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14. Alkali Metals (Honours)
Burning in air gives coloured flames
Lithium burns with a red flame
Sodium burns with a yellow flame
Potassium burns with a lilac flame
Uses of alkali metals
Lithium in batteries
Sodium in street lamps
Potassium compounds in fertilisers.
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15. Alkali Metals (Honours)
What are alkali metals?
Why are they so reactive?
How are they different to ordinary metals? (3 differences)
What do they form when they react with air?
What is produced when they react with water?
Give three uses of alkali metals.
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16. Reaction of Metals with Water and Acids
Zinc + Hydrochloric  Zinc Hydrogen
Acid Chloride
You must be able to prepare hydrogen gas using zinc.
Hydrogen gas burns with a loud pop when a lighted match is put to the mouth of test tube of the gas.
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17. Reactivity of Metals (Honours)
You must be able to put four metals in order of their reactivity. Look at the table and put the metals in order of decreasing reactivity.
Metal
Reaction with water
Reaction with acid
calcium
Fast reaction
Very fast reaction
Copper
none
Magnesium
Very slow
Zinc
Slow reaction
The reactivity in order of decreasing reactivity is Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc and Copper.
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18. Corosion of Metals
Corrosion = When a metal is converted into one of its compounds
Rusting = the corrosion of iron or steel
Air/oxygen and water are needed for rusting.
Prevention of Rusting (where used, problems, examples)
Painting
Oiling or greasing
Galvanising
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19. Rusting Rusting costs the economy millions every year
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20. Investigating that oxygen and water are needed for rusting
What apparatus and materials are needed.
How are the nails stopped from getting water from the air?
How are the nails stopped from getting oxygen from the air?
Why is boiled water used in this experiment?
How is oxygen in the water removed.
What is the control for this experiment?
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21. Investigating Rusting
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22. Alloys
What is an Alloy?
Alloys have different properties than the metals that make them up. What does this mean?
Why are alloys used for coins rather than gold and silver?
Name two alloys and uses of those alloys?
The melting point of solder is lower than that of the metals it comes from or used on. Why is this an advantage?
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23. Alloys Alloy are mixtures of metals.
Some alloys have carbon added steel for example.
Alloys are used because they are stronger etc.
Common alloys
Alloy
Mixture
Use
Brass
Copper and zinc
Door handles
Bronze
Copper and tin
statues
Steel
Iron and carbon
construction
solder
Lead and tin
Join electric wires
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24. Corosion What is corosion?
What is the difference between corosion and rusting?
Why is corosion a problem?
What are the conditions needed for rusting to occur?
How can you prove water is needed for rusting? W
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26. Plastics
Plastics was used to describe substances that become soft when warm and their shape can be easily changed
Most are made from crude oil i.e are synthetic, some are natural such as rubber which is obtained from a tree.
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27. Properties of Plastics
Can be moulded
Do not corrode.
Very cheap
Low density, not heavy
Good electrical and heat insulators
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28. Uses of Plastics Wire and plug insulation
Drinking cups, flasks because of bad conductors.
Packaging, bottles, bags because of low density.
Make buckets, basins, jugs, cups etc. because they are easily shaped.
Make windows, doors and guttering because they do not rot or corrode.
Making coloured objects such as toys as they are easily dyed.
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29. Problems with Plastics
Most are non-biodegradable
When they burn they give off poisonous fumes.
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30. Questions on Plastics Can you give the following
Plastics (examples 5),
Uses of plastics (5).
properties of plastics (5) and how it affects their use (5)
Problems of plastic for environment (2)
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