1. American Colonization & Settlement
Americans Settle in Texas

2. Americans settle in texas
The Austin Colonies
Americans settle in texas

3. timeline
1798
Moses Austin moves to present day Missouri and becomes part owner of the Bank of St. Louis
1819
The Panic of 1819 led to a depression
Moses Austin sets up a journey to Texas to establish his colony
1820
1821
Mexico gets its independence from Spain
Moses Austin gets permission from the Spanish government to found a colony in Texas
1821
297 families and single men receive land in Stephen F. Austin’s colony (The Old Three Hundred)
1824

4. MOSES AUSTIN BEGINS COLONIZATION IN TEXAS
Moved to “Missouri”-
Spanish Louisiana in 1798
Mined lead
Was a Spanish citizen and had strong ties with the Spanish government
Wealthy part owner of the Bank of St. Louis by 1803
Panic of 1819 left him in ruins
Decided to try to establish a colony in Texas
Charges the settlers fees to regain some of his wealth

5. MOSES AUSTIN Travels to Texas
Moses Austin presented a petition to the Spanish government asking to allow him to bring 300 American families to settle in Texas. (petition – formal written request)
Do you think the Spanish Government is going to say, “yes” to more U.S. settlers to enter Spanish Texas?
(The Spanish government was skeptical because of the filibusters who had attempted to seize/take over Spanish lands.)

6. Moses Austin travels to Texas
The Spanish government said no and ordered Moses to leave San Antonio
Chance encounter saves Moses departure
Meets Baron de Bastrop on his way out of San Antonio
Tells Bastrop of his plan and how he was ordered to leave Texas
Bastrop convinces the governor to allow Moses to stay

7. Moses Austin travels to Texas
1821- Spanish officials grant him the right to settle 300 families from the U.S. under two conditions
- All U.S. settlers must agree
To become Spanish citizens
To become Catholic
However, most U.S. settlers were Protestant. They worshipped their Protestant faith privately although they publicly declared themselves Catholic

8. Moses Austin and Texas Why Moses Austin Wanted to Start a Colony
Why Spanish Officials Approved Austin’s Colony
had suffered financial ruin
had profited before by moving to a Spanish land
hoped to regain wealth by collecting fees from U.S. settlers
knew Austin had been a loyal Spanish subject before
hoped colony would improve the Texas economy and help protect the region from American Indian attacks and U.S. invasions

9. Moses Austin
Moses Austin becomes very ill and dies before he can establish his colony

10. Stephen F. Austin
After hearing about his father’s death Stephen F. Austin is determined to carry out his father’s colony
He travels to San Antonio de Bexar and meets with the Spanish government
Stephen F. Austin is granted permission to continue with his father’s contract

11. Stephen F. Austin in Texas
Met with Governor
Martínez and the
Baron de Bastrop in
San Antonio and
gained their support 1 2 4 6
Created a colonization plan
Chose the Brazos
and Colorado
River valleys
Bought the Lively 3 5 7
Explored parts of Texas
Formed a partner-
ship with Joseph H. Hawkins
Set out for his
colony in Texas

12. Location of Austin’s Colony
Austin picks the area of the Brazos and Colorado River valleys
Good location because of the mild climate, fertile land, fresh water, plentiful resources, and access to the Gulf of Mexico
The rivers provide water for crops, livestock, drinking, cleaning, and transportation
It is located near San Antonio

13. Why U.S. settlers came to Texas
PUSH FACTORS
U.S. was in the middle of an economic depression
People were escaping criminal charges in the U.S.
U.S. creditors and authorities had no power in Texas
PULL FACTORS
Texas had a lot of land for sale
Land in Texas was cheaper than the U.S.
Payments for land in Texas were much easier

14. Austin’S Financial Terms
Charged 12.5 cents per acre
Fees covered the cost of surveying the land and recording land titles (legal documents of ownership)
Willing to accept goods as payment or allowed them to pay over time
U.S.
Charged at least $1.25 an acre
You had to buy a minimum of 80 acres
Had to pay full price in cash upfront

15. By 1821 the first US settlers arrived at Austin’s colony
Arrival at the Colony
By 1821 the first US settlers arrived at Austin’s colony
By March 1821, 150 settlers had arrived in Austin’s colony
Life on the colony was hard
Had to re-adjust to the Texas wilderness
Food and supplies were scarce because of difficult transportation to the colony

16. Mexico wins it’s independence from Spain
Austin went to San Antonio to report about his colony to the governor
The governor informed Austin that Mexico had won it’s independence from Spain
Austin now had to go to Mexico City and reconfirm his contract with the Mexican government
It took him more than a year to return to Texas

17. AUSTIN’S TRIP TO MEXICO CITY IN 1822 AND THE RESULTS
Purpose
To reconfirm his colonization contract with the Mexican government
Results
Gained approval for his contract
Received more favorable land terms
Granted power to form a local government, militia, and serve as colony’s judge
Formed strong ties with Mexican officials

18. Early problems in Austin’s colony
Austin returned to the colony in 1823 to find many problems had arisen in his absence
A drought had ruined the colony’s 1st years crop
Karankawa, Tonkawa and other Native Americans didn’t like the colonists living on their land
Many settlers had left or were threatening to leave

19. Early problems in Austin’s colony
Austin reassures the colonists that the Mexican government had approved the contract for the colony
He sets up a government, creates rules to guide the colony, and creates a militia
Rules were a mixture of Mexican and U.S. law
Militia leads several attacks against the Karankawa and Tonkawa
Militia – a citizen army of volunteers

20. By 1824 Austin had almost fulfilled his contract
The Old Three Hundred
By 1824 Austin had almost fulfilled his contract
He had 297 families and single men in his colony
Most came from the southern U.S.
Mostly farmers and many were slaveholders
Of 1,790 colonists- 440 were slaves
Fairly educated (only 4 couldn’t read), law-abiding

21. Characteristics of the “Old three hundred”
mostly U.S.
southerners
mostly farmers
many
slaveholders
mostly law-abiding
fairly well
educated

22. AUSTIN’S COLONY WAS A SUCCESS
San Felipe de Austin
Austin’s colony needed a capital
Austin founded San Felipe de Austin (also known as San Felipe)
Located in present-day Austin County along the Brazos River
By 1830s it was the largest business center in Texas after San Antonio
AUSTIN’S COLONY WAS A SUCCESS

23. Bastrop “Austin’s Little Colony”
Other Austin Colonies
Bastrop “Austin’s Little Colony”
Located on the Colorado River
Western edge of Austin colony
Isolated
Subject to Comanche attacks
Grew slowly

24. AUSTIN’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GROWTH OF TEXAS
Brought 1,500 families to Texas in just 10 years
Became a trusted friend and advisor to the colonists
Won the trust of many different
people
His skill and drive helped
him overcome enormous
obstacles
Stephen F. Austin is considered the "Father of Texas" due to his continued efforts to settle the territory.
KNOWN AS
THE FATHER OF TEXAS

25. Independence from Spain Mexico
1821
Independence from Spain
Mexico

26. Mexican Constitution of 1824

27. A constitution is the basic principles and laws of a government.
TEXAS!
8/26/2018
What is a constitution?
A constitution is the basic principles and laws of a government.
A constitution effectively controls the powers of the government and guarantees certain rights to the people.
CHAPTER 30

28. Mexican Constitution of 1824
Provision- Formed the state of Coahuila y Tejas with Saltillo as capital
Capital was far from Texas
Hard for Texans to participate in state government
Some Texans were angered by this provision
Provision- Gave state strong local control
Local government could adjust to meet local needs, particularly those of U.S. settlers
Local government became a mixture of Mexican and U.S. practices
Provision- Roman Catholicism the official religion
Texas and in particular U.S. settlers publicly claimed to be Catholic but privately worshiped as they pleased
Provision- Restricted Slavery
worried and angered many Texans who believed that the Texas economy—and in particular cotton farming—required slave labor
created a division between U.S. settlers and Mexican government

29. U.S. & Mexican Constitutions
Differences
U.S. Constitution
President elected by citizens
Separation of church and state
Mexican Constitution of 1824
President elected by Congress
Established a national religion
Similarities
Federalism
Three government branches
President as head of state

30. Federalism
The distribution of power between the federal government and the state government.
The U.S. Constitution grants certain powers to the national government and others to Texas. .

31. Separation of Powers

32. Separation of Powers
Power divided among the different branches of the government (Executive, Legislative, Judicial)
Separation of powers is the division of the national and state government into three branches—the executive, legislative, and judicial—with each branch having different powers and responsibilities.
The legislative branch makes laws.
The executive branch enforces laws.
The judicial branch interprets laws.

33. MEXICO’S NEW COLONIZATION LAWS

34. MEXICO’S NEW COLONIZATION LAWS
More people began moving to Texas
Texas gained fame as a land of opportunity
Other business people began to bring settlers
Empresarios
Businesspeople who promoted settlement in Texas
Followed Austin’s example of colonization
Received 67,000 acres of land for every 200 families brought to Texas

35. Expanding the Empresarial System
Although Stephen F. Austin became known as the first real empresario in Texas, he was not the only one.
The state colonization law of 1825 allowed other empresarios to receive land grants in Texas.
By 1830, about 30 people were recruiting colonists to Texas.

36. MEXICO’S NEW COLONIZATION LAWS AND STEPS TAKEN TO COLONIZE TEXAS
Colonization Law of
1824
State Colonization Law of 1825
allowed each Mexican state to set its own colonization policies
Mexico forms the state of Coahuila y Texas
combines the separate states of Texas Coahuila
restricted new U.S. immigrants from establishing colonies near the borders or the coast
opened Texas to settlement and immigration
empresarios follow Austin’s example of colonization
received 67,000 acres of land for every 200 families brought to Texas
MEXICO’S NEW COLONIZATION LAWS AND STEPS TAKEN TO COLONIZE TEXAS

37. Effects on Settlement in Texas National Colonization
The Empresarios
Effects on Settlement in Texas
State Colonization
Law of 1825
National Colonization
Law of 1824
empresarios—67,000 acres of land for every 200 families;
heads of household—
4,428 acres of land for $30; exempt from paying taxes
for 10 years
allowed each Mexican state to set its own colonization policies; restricted new U.S. immigrants from establishing colonies near the borders or the coast
huge wave of immigration, particularly U.S. immigration to Texas; several new colonies established

38. Erasmo Seguin (1782–1857)
San Antonio political figure, mayor of San Antonio, member of Texas Congress
As a member of the colonization committee he worked on the liberal National Colonization Law of August 18, 1824

39. Empresario Green DeWitt (1787–1835)
The second most important empresario was Green DeWitt.
DeWitt had founded a colony southwest of Austin’s original grant.
DeWitt’s headquarters were in Gonzales.
Although DeWitt had permission to bring 400 settlers to Texas, he had only really settled 166 settlers.

40. Empresario Martin de Leon (1765–1833)
The only Mexican empresario to found a colony in Texas
His colonization grant was approved on April 13.
De León's colony was the only predominantly Mexican colony in Texas.
As a Mexican citizen he received legal preference in the numerous border disputes with American settlements around Victoria.

41. Empresario’s The only empresario founded of primarily Mexican settlers
De Leon Colony
DeWitt Colony
The only empresario founded of primarily Mexican settlers
Located along the lower Guadalupe River
Became an important ranching center
By people lived there
Settled 166 families
Located near the Gulf Coast Plains and the Post Oak belt along the Guadalupe River
More than 525 people lived in Gonzales, the main town by 1831
Both colonies benefited from the fertile soil and plentiful water
Both suffered from Native American Attacks

42. EMPRESARIO LAND GRANTS

43. Spanish Mission Systems & Empresario Systems
Differences
Similarities
Mission:
Used missions and presidios
Meant to convert Native Americans to Catholicism
Did not promote immigration to Texas
Empresario:
Promoted settlement through private landowners
Encouraged immigration
Meant to increase settlement in and control of Texas

44. Secularize of Missions
Secularize- the process of moving from religious to civil control
1793-Spain began to secularize missions
Mission San Antonio de Valero was the first mission to be secularize
From it housed a military unit, the Flying Company of San Jose y Santiago del Alamo de Parras
This unit gave the mission its famous nickname: The Alamo
All Texas missions were secularized by 1831