1. Purpose of Government

2. What is a government? Central Message:
Government is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policy.
Public policy is all of the goals a government sets and the courses of action it takes reach these goals.
What is a government?

3. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Provides Public Services
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Make Economic Decisions

4. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Our government:
makes laws
punishes those who break them.
provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals.
Provides Public Services
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Make Economic Decisions

5. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Our government:
makes laws
punishes those who break them.
provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals.
Provides Public Services
Our government:
provides public goods and services (roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc).
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Make Economic Decisions

6. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Our government:
makes laws to prohibit “crimes”
punishes those who break them.
provides courts to resolve disputes between individuals. .
Provides Public Services
Our government:
provides public goods and services (roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc).
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide National Security
Our government provides:
Police department
a military to protect us from attack,
provides border patrol
intelligence agencies to spy for potential threats, etc.
Make Economic Decisions

7. Purpose & Functions of Government
Maintain Social Order
Our government:
makes laws
punishes those who break them.
provides courts to resolve disputes
Provides Public Services
Our government:
provides public goods and services (roads, bridges, sewer systems, health & safety inspectors, public education, public libraries, etc).
Purpose & Functions of Government
Provide Security
Our government provides:
Police department
a military to protect us from attack,
provides border patrol
intelligence agencies to spy for potential threats,etc
Make Economic Decisions
Our government provides:
a monetary system (U.S. Dollars),
controls interest rates and inflation,
provides aid to the poor (public assistance)

8. Turn to the Next Page! Think…How many levels of government do we have?

9. Most countries have 3 levels of government.
    
Most countries have 3 levels of government.
Can you name them?
Local
State
National

10. Local Government
Local government is the administration of town, cities, counties, and districts.
As citizens, we have much more contact with our local governments than our federal government.
Examples: Town of Smyrna and Kent County are local governments.

11. Local Government Who is the local government? Mayor Sheriff
Local government Controls:
Who is the local government?
Makes laws for cities, towns, and counties
Libraries
Fire departments
Police departments
City utilities
Parks
Tax revenue
Mayor
Sheriff
County commissioners
City council

12. State Government
State government is the level of government that functions below the national government.
The 10th Amendment of the Constitution says that any power not given to the federal government is given to the people or the states.
Example: State of Delaware, State of Maryland, State of New Jersey

13. State Government Makes laws for the state Driver’s licenses
State government Controls:
Who is the state government?
Makes laws for the state
Driver’s licenses
Vehicle registration
Birth and death certificates
Licensing for professionals
Tax revenue
schools
Governor
Lieutenant governor
Elected representatives (state senators and house members)
State judges
Secretary of state
State attorney general

14. National Government
A national government is the government or political authority that controls a nation.
There are several different kinds of central governments: dictatorships, monarchies, and democracies.
Example: United States Government, British government,  Workers' Party of Korea

15. National Government Military Collects taxes Conducts foreign policy
National government Controls:
Who is the national government?
Military
Collects taxes
Conducts foreign policy
Regulates trade
Establish national laws and enforces them
Prints money
President
Vice President
Elected representatives (senators and house members)
Supreme Court Justices
Cabinet members

16. Let’s Play a game…
With a partner, sort the cards into 3 categories: local, state, and national.
You will have 3 minutes to complete this task. Good luck!!

17. Let’s see how you did!
Local
State
Federal/Central/
National

18. 2 purposes of government
3-2-1 exit ticket
Complete the exit ticket by providing the following information:
3 levels of government
2 purposes of government
1 question you still have after today’s lesson

19. If time allows… State Power: Got a Reservation?
With a partner read the pages on state powers. Highlight important information as you read.

21. Seated & Quiet when the Bell Rings.
09/08-ODD
09/11-Even
Warm-up
What is Unitary structure of government?
(Hint: This was our very first system of government)
Seated & Quiet when the Bell Rings.

22. Road to Revolution Review
Unitary Notes
Road to Revolution Review
Agenda:

23. Unitary
System

24. Unitary System
In a unitary system, the power is held by one central authority.
All power is given to one level of government.

25. Unitary System
In a unitary government, the central government has most of the authority and decision-making power.
Local government offices are part of the central government.
The central government maintains all power over the local governments.

27. Unitary Countries Many countries in the world are run this way.
Western hemisphere: Cuba
Eastern Hemisphere: China, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Libya

28. Unitary Governments

29. Let’s Review How is power distributed in a unitary government?
True or False: In a unitary government, the national government could remove the governor of a state and pick a new one.

30. Let’s Review
A central government assigns power and duties to smaller units of government within the country.
True or False: In a unitary government, the national government could remove the governor of a state and pick a new one.
True

31. Let’s Review

33. Unitary Structure found in
the history of our country?
At what point in American History have we been governed under a unitary structure of government?
Thirteen Colonies under British rule.

34. Assignment: Why did the colonists want to free themselves from Great Britain? Turn to pages 44-48

35. Odd-09/12
Even- 09/13
Warm-Up
What are some things the British did to force the founding fathers to write the Declaration of Independence and create a different structure of government in the United States?
Take out your foldable.

36. Confederation

37. Confederation
A confederation is a system in which power is found at the state/local level.
States voluntarily work together for some common purpose and agree to certain limits on their freedom of action.
Examples: European Union and Netherlands

38. Confederation

39. Confederation
Power of government lies in several local level governments.
The local level governments MAY give powers to the weaker central government.
They might sign a treaty or a constitution under which the countries agree to defend each other, trade with each other, use a common currency, etc.

40. Confederation
Not commonly found among governments in the 21st century because there are several problems with them:
Often have little power because a high percentage of members must agree to decisions made,
Changes in the constitution requires all members to agree.
Confederations usually have a weak central government.

41. Let’s Review What is one problem with a confederation government?
In a confederation, government power lies with the ______________________.

42. Let’s Review What is one problem with a confederation government?
The central government can create laws but might not be able to enforce them
In a confederation, government power lies with the several local levels.

43. Let’s Review

45. we operate under a Confederate Structure of Government?
When in US History did
we operate under a Confederate
Structure of Government?

46. Articles of Confederation
When in US History did we operate
under a Confederate Structure of Government?
Articles of Confederation

47. Confederation
After the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, the thirteen American colonies needed a government to replace the British system they were attempting to overthrow. The Founding Fathers’ first attempt at such governance was formed around the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation were first proposed at the Second Continental Congress in 1777 in Philadelphia. They were fully ratified and put into effect in The reign of the Articles of Confederation was brief. Why did the articles of confederation fail?

48. Reading Assignment
Pages 60-66

49. Exit Ticket Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
Include at least one example of weakness.

50. Odd- 09/14
Even- 9/18
Warm-Up:
What about the Articles of Confederation required the founding fathers to change the structure of government in the newly formed United States of America?
Take out your foldable.

51. Federalism Analysis on Pages:
Agenda:
Federalism Analysis on Pages:
Federalism Notes

52. Federal
System

53. Federal System
In a federal system, power is shared by a powerful central government and the state or local governments.

54. Federal System
In a federal form of government, power is divided between a central government & small divisions, such as states.
A document (such as a constitution) may describe the rights, responsibilities, and duties of the central government & the states.

55. Federal System

56. Federal Countries
Many countries use this form of distributing government power.
Brazil, Canada, Mexico, US, Venezuela, etc.
India, Pakistan, Malaysia

57. Federal Governments

58. under a federal structure? After the ratification of the Constitution.
When did the US operate
under a federal structure?
After the ratification of the Constitution.
Due to the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, The colonists created the Constitution, which set up a federal structure of government: a government which divides power among a central government and smaller regional governments.

59. Let’s Review How does a federal system of government divide power?
2. What defines the rights, responsibilities, & duties of the central & state governments?

60. ONE
Since its 1988 constitution, Brazil has divided its country into twenty-six states and a central government district. The states are then broken into over 5,500 municipalities, which are like counties. All these political units have a local government that has its own laws and taxes. Brazilians vote for representatives at each level. The central government will not allow any states or municipalities to be independent or break away from the country’s national government.

61. Federal

62. TWO
For only three years beginning in 1836, the countries of Bolivia, North Peru, and South Peru attempted a government system in which the three countries created a loose union that shared power as well as ruled themselves. Neighboring countries, including Argentina and Chile, were alarmed about this new government and a war followed that ended this shared government system between Bolivia and Peru. .

63. Confederate

64. THREE
Established in 1993, the European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of twenty-seven independent countries, or member states, which has a foundation from the European Economic Community. The EU has allowed a single free trade market where all member states are guaranteed freedom of movement of people, goods, services, and capital. Most EU countries have adopted a common currency, called the euro. While it is governed by the EU Commission and Parliament over the union’s common interests, each country still controls its independently-run government.

65. Confederate

66. FOUR
Costa Rica is a peaceful, democratic republic where power is only given by the central government, based in San Jose, the capital city. The seven provinces have leaders, but the laws and taxes of the central government have full control over the regional division.

67. Unitary

68. FIVE
Since its 1917 constitution, Mexico has had a central government based in its capital, Mexico City, and thirty-one states that also have their own state governments. Citizens vote for their representatives on three government levels: the central, state, and municipal governments.

69. Federal

70. SIX
Fidel Castro took power as dictator over Cuba and made it communist in 1959 after leading the Cuban Revolution. Under this government system, only one political party was in control and only one person, Castro, made all decisions for the citizens. The laws he established from Havana, the capital, were to be followed by the entire country.

71. Unitary