1. Chapter 14 The Presidency In Action

2. Section 1: The Growth of Presidential Power
Reasons for the Growth of Presidential Power
Unity of presidency
Authority delegated by Congress
Citizen’s demand for leadership
President’s ability to act quickly during crises
President’s views and way of fulfilling roles
President’s ability to use media

3. Section 2: The Executive Powers
Power to execute the Law
To execute and interpret all federal laws
Oath of office
“take care” clause
Ordinance Power
To administer government using executive orders
Implied in Constitution
Delegated by Congress
Appointment and Removal Power
To appoint high-ranking officials
To remove any officer (except federal judges)
Article II, Section 2, Clause 2; First Congress

4. Section 3: Diplomatic and Military Powers
Treaties
Senate must give 2/3 approval
Executive Agreements
Similar to treaties
Do not supersede federal or State laws
Does not need Congressional approval
Expire with change in administration

5. Withdrawal of recognition
Power of Recognition
Exchange diplomats
Recall of diplomats
Show our displeasure with another country that has a diplomat in the US
Persona non grata—an unwelcome person
Withdrawal of recognition
Severe
Usually a step towards war
Commander in Chief
Make undeclared war
Seek Congressional resolution to deploy troops
Congress hasn’t declared War since WWII
Resolutions that authorize POTUS to meet certain international crises with military force

6. Section 4: Legislative and Judicial Powers
Checks on the Legislative Branch
Veto
Sign the bill into law
Veto and send back to Congress; which they can overturn (rare)
Allow bill to become law by not acting within 10 days
Pocket veto occurs when bill goes to POTUS within 10 days of end of Congressional session and POTU does not act on it
Line-Item veto happens when POTUS likes some measures but wants to veto others
Entire bill gets sent back
Signing statements
Typically used with new laws
Helps to direct manner in which new law is to be enforced
Call special sessions of Congress
State of the Union Address (SOTU)

7. Checks on the Judicial Branch
Pardons—legal forgiveness of a crime
Reprieves—postponement of the execution of a sentence
Commutations—power to reduce a fine or the length of a sentence imposed by a court
Amnesty—a blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators