1. Migration
Warm-up: grab a sheet from the pick up bin and complete the writing activity.

2. Warm-Up 11/2
Explain what happens at each stage of the Demographic Transition Model

3. Objectives Identify and explain migration key terms and concepts
Research and create a graphic organizer of real life migration examples

4. Mobility
Mobility is the most generalized term that refers to all types of movements:
Daily commuting to work/school
Weekly visits to grocery store
Annual trips to visit family
Circulation- short term, repetitive acts of mobility
College students living at school and retuning home each spring

5. What is Migration? Migration is the permanent movement of people
What are the two types of migration?
Immigration
Emigration
Net Migration – number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants (in or out, positive or negative)

6. Why do People Migrate? Push and Pull Factors
Pull Factor – positive perception about a location that causes a person to move there
Push Factor – negative perception about a location that causes a person to move away from a location
Three major kinds of push and pull factors:
Economic
Social
Political
Environmental

7. Economic Factors Number one reason why people move
People emigrate from places with few job opportunities and immigrate to places with more job opportunities
Examples?

8. Political Factors
Refugees – people forced to flee their country for fear of persecution (race, religious, political, or otherwise) or death.
Asylum seeker – refugee seeking asylum in another country after escaping their home country for fear of their lives (Syria, Hmong)
Internally displaced – person who has been removed from their home but has not left their country. (Sudan)
Forced Migrants – people literally forced out of their homes and relocated (Native Americans – Trail of Tears, Jews forced into Ghettos by Nazis)

9. Environmental Factors
Usually voluntary (voluntary migration)
People make the choice to move to a warmer climate or one that better suits their lifestyle
Sun Belt
Decision to leave due to natural disasters (Katrina)

10. Social Factors
Health care, education, religious freedom, family

11. Need to Know International vs internal migration
Interregional vs intraregional migration
Voluntary vs forced migration (Atlantic Slave Trade)

12. Types of Migration
International – permanent move from one country to another
Voluntary
Forced
Internal Migration – permanent move within the same country
Interregional
intraregional

13. Interregional Migration
Shifting center of population in the United States – factors??

14. Rust Belt

15. Interregional Migration

16. Intraregional Migration
Industrial Revolution – more people moving to cities (urbanization)
Motivated by economic advancement
Developed countries today: counterurbanization – net migration from urban to rural areas
Motivated by lifestyle – suburban single family housing, better schools, garage/off street parking, etc.

17. Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
Most migration is over a short distance
Migration occurs in a series of steps
Long-distance migrants move to centers of economic opportunity (urban areas)
Each migration produces a movement in the opposite direction, or counter stream (although not necessarily in the same volume)
People in rural areas migrate more than people in cities
Men migrate over longer distances than women
Most migrants are young adult males
Cities grow more by migration than natural increase
Migration increases with economic development
Migration is mostly due to economic causes

18. Ravenstein: Need to Know
Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country
Migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity

19. Wilber Zelinsky Migration Transition – comparable to DTM
Countries in Stage 2 see more international migration (emigrants) due to high population growth and fewer job opportunities
Stage 3 & 4: more internal migration for job opportunities within a country
Example: Great Migration – early 20th century, African Americans moved from the south to the Midwest, northeast, and west for jobs in industrial cities and escape racism.

20. Where are Migrants Located?
Asia, Latin America and Africa have net out-migration
Europe, North America, Oceania have net in-migration

21. U.S. Immigration Patterns 17th and 18th Centuries
Colonial Settlement
2 million Europeans before 1820, 90% from Great Britain
400,000 African Americans prior to 1808, another 250,000 in the next 50 years

22. 19th Century Immigration
32 million people between 1820 and 1920
Mostly from Europe, seeking economic opportunity
1840s and 1850s – Germany and Ireland
1870s – Germany and Ireland
1880s – Scandinavia
– Southern and Eastern Europe
1 in 4 Americans can trace ancestors to German immigrants
1 in 8 can trace back to Irish or English immigrants

23. 20th & 21st Immigration Majority from Asia and Latin America
China, Philippines, India, Vietnam, Mexico

24. Intervening Obstacles
Environmental Feature- mountain, ocean, or distance
Political Feature- countries require proper documentation to leave one country and gain entry into another

25. Controlling Migration
Quota – limits the government sets on the number of immigrants they allow into their countries (2 million per year in U.S.)
Family Preference
Skilled Workers – brain drain vs. brain gain
Diversity