1. Construction Safety Management
Prepared by: Ahmad Jamshid Sadid

2. Safety in Civil Engineering Works
Many industrial accidents occur every year and workers lose their lives in this world. Like other industries, in civil engineering construction industry also accidents occur during the execution of work due to various reasons.

3. Accident
Accident is an unintentional or unexpected happening. An industrial accident may be defined as an event, detrimental to the health of man, suddenly occurring and originating from external sources, and which is associated with the performance of a paid job accompanied by an injury, followed by disability or even death.
Hazards
is an unsafe condition or activity, that if left uncontrolled can contribute to an accident.

4. Classification of Accidents in Construction Industry
Person falling
Uncontrollable contact between men and equipment or men and materials such as cranes, materials of storage etc.
Failure of temporary structures such as scaffolds, ramps etc.
Unsafe practices of individual workers, hazards resulting from carelessness.
Inherent engineering hazards such as use of explosives, presence of injurious gases, toxic dust etc.
Failure of excavation, faulty implementation of design, carelessness in supervision.

5. Normally, 88% injuries are due to personal unsafe act.
10% injuries are due to dangerous physical and mechanical conditions.
2% injuries are due to unavoidable resons.

6. Causes of construction accidents 2005

7. Types of hazards
Chemical
Physical
Biological
Ergonomic

8. Examples of chemical hazards found in construction work:
Chemicals can exist in the form of
dusts, fumes, fibers (solids)
liquids, mists
gases, vapors
Examples of chemical hazards found in construction work:
welding fumes
spray paints
cutting oil mists
xylene vapor
solvents
asbestos
lead
silica
cadmium
carbon monoxide

9. Physical Hazards
Physical hazards are different types of energy which may be hazardous to workers.
Noise
Vibration
Temperature extremes
Radiation

10. Biological Hazards
Exposure may occur during demolition, renovation, sewer work, work on air handling systems, or other construction work from contact with contaminated or disease-carrying
soil
water
insects (mosquitoes, ticks)
bird, bat droppings
animals
structures

11. Ergonomic Hazards
Ergonomic hazards can cause painful and disabling injuries.
The following situation may causes these injuries:
heavy, frequent, or awkward lifting
repetitive tasks
awkward grips
using excessive force
using wrong tools for the job or using tools improperly
using improperly maintained tools
hand-intensive work

12. Personal protective clothing and eqiupment (PPE)
Eye protection
Respiratory protection
Ear protection
Face protection
Head protection
Hand protection
Foot protection
Body protection
Fall protection

13. Economic Aspect of Accident
An accident can be very costly to the injured employee. It may bring losses in the form of sacrifice of human life, loss of materials or equipment, injuries to workers, damages to other properties. It results, thus, in increase in the cost of construction and decreases the profit of the contractor.

14. Definite Costs Associated with Accidents
Direct costs of an accident
Payment to the worker for the temporary or permanent injury or to his family in case of death.
Compensated wages loss of the injured employee.
Cost of medical care and hospitalization.
Overhead costs

15. Indirect Cost of an Accident
Cost of damages to equipment and material.
Cost of loss in production because of accident.
Cost of time lost.
Cost of replacing injured employee.
Influence of accident on the moral of the employee.
The survey has as indicated that the indirect costs are four times the direct costs.

16. Accident Prevention
1. Prevent injuries and premature death of employee. 2. Reduce operating and production costs. 3. High up the moral of employees. 4. Above all as a true humanitarian concern.

17. Accident prevention does not secure by itself
Accident prevention does not secure by itself. There should be consistent implementation of safety measures and safety program emphasizing the need of:
Safe work place layout and working
conditions.
2. Safe material handling.
3. Personal protective device.
4. Safety activities in the organization.

18. Example of an accident analysis
Accident: Falling off a stepladder
The unsafe act: Climbing a defective ladder
The unsafe condition: A defective ladder
The correction: Replace the ladder
Questions:
Why was the defective ladder not found during normal inspection?
Why did the supervisor allow its use?
Didn’t the injured employee know it should not be used?
Was the employee properly trained?
Was the employee reminded not to use the ladder?
Did the supervisor examine the job first?
Answers:
An improved inspection procedure
Improved training
A better definition of responsibilities
Pre-job planning by supervisors