1. Chapter 11 Section 5
Effects of the War

2. Review
Holocaust
Nuremberg Laws
genocide
War Refugee Board

3. What were the major immediate and long-term effects of World War II?

4. Vocabulary Definitions People and Terms Yalta Conference superpower
GATT
United Nations

5. Vocabulary cont. People and Terms Definitions
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Geneva Convention
Nuremberg Trials
Eleanor Roosevelt

6. Allies Set Postwar Goals
World War II different than World War I because:
World War I
In 1918 Germany surrendered before the Allies could invade
World War II
Japan and Germany fought even though defeat was certain
Axis lost battle after battle
Retreated from lands they had conquered
Saw slow destruction of their military forces

7. Allies Make Plans at Yalta
February 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet
Discuss final strategy and questions about postwar Germany, Eastern Europe, and Asia
The Yalta Conference
The Big Three agreed that Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania would hold free elections
Roosevelt and Churchill not in good position to argue with Stalin
Stalin would later not follow agreement

8. Truman Faces Stalin at Potsdam
July 1945
Big Three meet in a Berlin suburb Potsdam
Harry S. Truman and Clement Atlee replace FDR and Churchill
What was agreed at the meeting
Berlin would be split up into 4 squares
New borders and free elections for Poland
Soviet Union had right to claim reparations for war damages from German sector
Soviet Union join war against Japan

9. The World Map Changes Europe
Nearly all the nations in Eastern Europe became communists states under Soviet control
Eventual split of Germany into East and West Germany
East = Communist and West = non communist
Asia
China
War between Nationalist and Communist resumed
Japan
General Douglas MacArthur constructed a new constitution and enacted democratic reforms

10. Imperialism Goes Into Decline
The war marked the end of Western European domination of the world
1500’s to 1945
Britain, France, and Spain conquered most of Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Americas
Controlled world trade and finance, led the industrial revolution, world military powers
1945 to 1989
Colonized countries wanted independence from European powers
Age of Imperialism officially over

11. The Balance of Power Shifts
United States and Soviet Union become the world superpowers
Dominant countries after World War II
United States
Clearly stronger
Besides Pearl Harbor, no major battle fought on U.S. soil
American industry had boomed during the war
Atomic bomb
Soviet Union
Much of the war had been fought on Soviet soil
Industries, cities and people suffered terribly
World’s largest military force

12. International Cooperation
After World War I
Senate rejected Treaty of Versailles
refused to join League of Nations
After World War II
Understood their new position in the world
Saw that what was done after World War I was a mistake
Ready for a world organization

13. A New World Economy Takes Shape
1944
U.S. pushed for a the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
U.S. provided most of the capital for both ideas
1948 GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Treaty designed to expand world trade by reducing tariffs
Eleanor Roosevelt helped draft Treaty
First lady of the United States

14. The United Nations is Formed
April 1945
United Nations (UN)
Organization which provided food and aid as well as encouraged cooperation between the nations of the world
50 nations meet to write up charter and establish New York City as its permanent home
5 major seats
U.S., Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China
1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Condemns slavery and torture as well as upholds freedom of speech and religion

15. War Criminals Go on Trial
Geneva Conference
International agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war
Japan
Allies tried more than a thousand Japanese citizens
Committing atrocities in China, Korea, and S.E. Asia
Brutally Mistreating prisoners
Germany
Nuremberg Trials
Allies prosecuted Nazis for war crimes
First trial involved key leaders of Nazi Germany
Many were caught in later years

16. A New American Identity
Americans image of Nazi’s
Totalitarian, racist, and warlike
America’s image
Democratic, tolerant, and peaceful
American themes repeated throughout the war
Allies fighting a “people’s war” for tolerance, freedom, democracy, and peace

17. The U.S.Assumes Global Leadership
Americans had learned to think in global terms
What they realized
That the economic and political health of America was tied to world peace and economic development
America’s national security involved world security

18. Commitment to Civil Rights Grows
Two enemies African American soldiers fought during World War II
Dictatorship overseas
Racism in the United States
World War II renewed fight for civil rights
Not only African Americans were fighting this battle
Many white Americans also called for the nation to fully live up to its promise as a beacon of freedom, democracy, and justice

19. The Nation Prospers World War II resulted in:
Ending the Great Depression
Redistributed wealth across the country
Defense industries and military base sin the South and West
Created more wealth and encouraged migration there
Greater economic influence in economic affairs
Established the expanded role that the government would play in postwar America

20. Now in class…
Answer the questions as well as fill out the chart attached with this packet