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Food Defense Training Food protection task force & rapid response team Meeting
Brandon Sauceda, MPH RRT Program Manager Georgia Department of Agriculture Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness CARVER+Shock Exercise
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Food Security: access to sufficient quantity / quality of nutritious food
Food Safety: protection from contamination Agents likely to occur in food supply Food Defense: protection from contamination Biological, chemical, physical, radiological agents unintentional intentional Overview
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Economically Motivated Adulteration
Accidents Disgruntled Employee Terrorism Economically Motivated Adulteration Mother Nature Not listed: extortion, political assassination or coercion, interpersonal conflict Overview
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Overview Note that this does NOT contain EMA
- “Figure 2: Confirmed malicious contaminations of food around the world.” Frederickson, N.R. (2014). Chapter 36: Food Security: Biosecurity. In Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems (Vol. 3 pp ) Overview
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Economically Motivated Adulteration
aka “Food Fraud” Definition: “surreptitious addition of non-authentic substances, unwarranted substitution of ingredients, or mislabeling of food products to gain inequitable financial advantage” Frederickson, N.R. (2014). Chapter 36: Food Security: Biosecurity. In Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems (Vol. 3 pp ) As opposed to other intentional contamination events (terrorism), EMA is not intended to be discovered As a result, EMA can maintain longevity Fish / Seafood is most often adulterated for economic gain Overview
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Incidents of Intentional Contamination
1981, Spain Cooking oil adulterated with industrial rapeseed triggered toxic oil syndrome 20,000 illnesses 800 deaths Overview Incidents
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Incidents of Intentional Contamination
1984, Oregon USA Salmonella typhimurium introduced into 10 salad bars by Rajneeshee cult Aiming to influence a local election 751 illnesses Overview Incidents
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Incidents of Intentional Contamination
, China Melamine illegally added to milk products to falsify protein content 300,000 illnesses 6 deaths Overview Incidents
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Incidents of Intentional Contamination
October, 2012, New Jersey USA Cheaper ketchup repackaged into bottles for more expensive ketchup None made it to market Overview Incidents
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Incidents of Intentional Contamination
October 2013, Japan Malathion added to frozen foods by disgruntled production line employee ≤ 2,800 illnesses Major Recall Overview Incidents
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Designed to improve global food protection and prevent foodborne illness
Ratified 2011, rule-making process underway Updated previous policy (1938) to reflect more high-tech and complex food industry Overview Incidents Policy Response
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Proposed Rules: Focused mitigation strategies to protect food against intentional adulteration (IA) Foreign supplier verification Preventative controls for Human food Animal feed Standards for produce safety Accreditation of 3rd party auditors Sanitary transportation of human and animal food Overview Incidents Policy Response
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Food Defense Plan Builder
Food defense plan – written document recording practices implemented to control and/or minimize the risk of intentional contamination Available through FDA Incorporates: Broad mitigation strategies Vulnerability assessment Focused mitigation strategies Emergency contact network Action plans Overview Incidents Policy Response
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Food Defense Preparedness System
Based on Presidential Policy Directive 8 Prevent Protect Mitigate Respond Recover Comprehensive food defense strategy incorporates all 5 frameworks Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness
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Food Defense Preparedness System
Prevention Adversary does not attempt to adulterate food How do we eliminate the opportunity to adulterate? How do we remove the motivation to adulterate? Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness
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Food Defense Preparedness System
Protection Block the adversary’s attempt What needs securing? How do we vigilantly look for anomalies? Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness
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Food Defense Preparedness System
Mitigation Minimize the adverse health and economic effects What can we do to lessen the impact? Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness
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Food Defense Preparedness System
Response Stop the spread of adverse effects, provide care to those affected What response actions are needed? How do we inform / instruct the public? Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness
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Food Defense Preparedness System
Recovery Return to normal commerce, better prepared How do we return to normal? How do we gather lessons learned and adapt? Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness
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CARVER+Shock Risk Assessment tool – vulnerability assessment:
Criticality – degree of public health or economic consequence Accessibility – ability of adversary to access / egress point of contamination Recuperability – delay required to bring system back into recovery Vulnerability – potential for successful attack – ability to introduce enough of agent to survive control steps and cause harm to consumer. Effect – direct loss from attack, measured in lost production in food system Recognizability – ease of target identification Shock – combined health, economic, and psychological impacts of attack Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness CARVER+Shock
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CARVER+Shock RISK Facility vs. Supply Chain Vulnerability Threat
Gaps in defense Threat Adversary’s resources and capacities RISK Consequence Human & economic impact of attack Facility vs. Supply Chain Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness CARVER+Shock
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CARVER+Shock Exercise
Study the flow-map of the Frozen Pizza Plant Consider the following: environment, location, timing, equipment, barriers, worker observation, etc. For each station (#1-#15) score for Vulnerability and for Accessibility There is no wrong answer, use your professional judgment Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness CARVER+Shock Exercise
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Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness CARVER+Shock Exercise
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References Slides adapted from the National Center for Food Protection and Defense’s “Food Defense Training” slides from the Food Defense Conference (September 17,2014) and Jon Woody / USDA’s “Vulnerability Assessment” slides (same date / location). Overview Incidents Policy Response Preparedness CARVER+Shock Exercise
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