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Chapter One: Public Health The Population Health Approach
1 Chapter One: Public Health The Population Health Approach May 24, 2011
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Chapter 1 Topics What is Public Health? Core Disciplines
Advances and Challenges Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Prevention Recap….Hints for Exam!
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A state of physical, mental, and social well-being.
3 Definition of Health A state of physical, mental, and social well-being. Definition of Public Health Totality of all evidence based public and private efforts that preserve and promote health and prevent disease, disability, and death The science and practice of protecting and improving the health of a community, as by preventive medicine, health education, control of communicable diseases, application of sanitary measures, and monitoring of environmental hazards.
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Public Health is not…… Focused on -Individual
-Economically disadvantaged -Standard discipline
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Core Disciplines in Public Health
Biostatistics- “Methods” Environmental Health- “Influence of natural and manmade structures on public health” Epidemiology- “Cause” Health Policy- “Regulation, Management, Advocacy” Social and Behavioral’- “Choices, Networks, Education”
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Biostatistics “Statistical methodologies are among the most important tools used by researchers in any field. The past several decades have marked the discovery of increasingly more powerful, and complex, statistical tools. These days many research scientists turn to experts in the field of statistics to help them design and evaluate their studies.” Derick H.
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Biostatistics or Epidemiology
“How many accidents are related to cell phones and of those how many are teen drivers. Everyone needs to be informed on the rate of accidents caused by distractions from cell phones.” Zanda D.
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Health Policy Maybe we need to raise the driving age. Maybe make the penalties as much as it is for driving while intoxicated. I don't know if police officers are like they are in my town but they could get off of their duffs and do their job and enforce the law and stop drivers that are on the phone. Jared R. The other option is for all cell phones to have “rules” that can be set. For example, the Droid Razr by Verizon has Smart-Actions that you can set. I have one set for driving and if someone calls it will go straight to voic . Anne P.
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Social and Behavioral My prevention message would be "what was so important that I had to die for it?" I would implement this with education. Tracy R. Right now cell phone companies like AT&T are doing commercials where they are showing what happens to people who text or talk on their phones while driving, I personally think that is a good idea. Victoria S.
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Environmental One of the things that I have been seeing a lot of lately is the overhead road signs on the highways that have messages about texting and driving. In Jake’s case he was actually talking on the phone and I believe that these signs on the highway could also be a great reminder for people to not talk on the phone. Anne P.
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Epidemiology mixed with Behavioral and a hint of Environmental!
In order to reduce the amount of accidents caused by "Distracted Driving", we need to focus on the biggest contributor. The pace of society has sped up over the past couple of decades due to cell phones and the internet. Before these technologies were established, privacy was considered valuable. Now we are seeing the effects of capitalism that were not intended. We are away from home more than ever in history! It makes sense that if people are rushed in their daily lives, they are more likely to ignore messages and laws that are in place to protect them. My ideas would be to educate, build awareness, and innovate. Heather F.
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Current Public Health Topics
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Advances in Public Health
14 Eras of Public Health- Table 1-1 Advances Over the Past Century Clean water Improved sanitation Development of vaccines and antibiotics Safer and healthier foods Greater access to health care services Technologic improvements in health care Safety in the workplace Motor vehicle safety 14 14
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Public Health Figures James Lind Edward Jenner John Snow
Edwin Chadwick Louis Pasteur Alexander Fleming Rachel Carson Florence Nightingale Sara J. Baker Henrietta Lacks
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Advances in Public Health
16 Advances Over the Past Century Infectious disease has been controlled with public health advances Chronic disease / lifestyle disease a medical condition that is permanent and leaves a residual disability Three leading causes of death in the U.S. Heart disease Cancer Stroke 16 16
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Advances in Public Health
17 Challenges for the 21st Century New technologies Quality and Quantity Reducing health disparities among groups Economics Education Culture 17 17
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18 Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages 18 18
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Figure 1-1 The full spectrum of population health
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Adapted from Turnock, Public Health 3rd Ed. Pg. 94
Levels of Prevention Primary Prevention Secondary Tertiary Susceptible Asymptomatic Symptomatic Strategy Population’s Disease Status Effects Reduced Disease Incidence Prevalence/ consequence Complications/ disability Adapted from Turnock, Public Health 3rd Ed. Pg. 94
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The End!
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Hints for the Exam! Life expectancy increases
22 Life expectancy increases Geographic origins of public health Father of Epidemiology Quantity and Quality Interventions Characteristics of the health care approach Core disciplines of public health Contributory cause Focus of population health in 21st century Full spectrum of population health
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