1. Whip Around Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
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Whip Around
Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
Be prepared to share aloud.

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LISTENING

3. Our Agenda The Nature of Listening Ways of Listening
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Our Agenda
The Nature of Listening
Ways of Listening
Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Becoming a Better Listener

4. The Nature of Listening
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The Nature of Listening
Listening is the active process of making meaning out of another person’s spoken message
Listening is active, not automatic
Listening requires more than just hearing

5. Listening at its’ best (Family Guy)
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Listening at its’ best
(Family Guy)

6. Listening Defined Hearing Versus Listening Hearing Listening
The process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain
Listening
Occurs when the brain reconstructs these electrochemical impulses into a representation of the original sound and gives them meaning
(Raymond 1)
(Raymond 2)

7. Listening Defined Mindless Listening Mindful Listening
Occurs when we react to others’ messages automatically and routinely
Mindful Listening
Involves giving careful and thoughtful attention to the messages we receive

8. The Nature of Listening
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The Nature of Listening
People have various listening styles that represent differences in their goals for listening
The people-oriented style emphasizes concern for other people’s emotions and interests
The action-oriented style emphasizes organization and precision
The content-oriented style emphasizes intellectual challenges
The time-oriented style emphasizes efficiency

9. The Nature of Listening
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The Nature of Listening
Listening effectively is important
We spend much of our waking day listening
Good listening skills are essential in the workplace, families, and social relationships
© Fancy Photography/Veer, RF

10. The Nature of Listening
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The Nature of Listening
Misconceptions about listening
Myth: Hearing is the same as listening
Myth: Listening is natural and effortless
Myth: All listeners hear the same message
© Andersen Ross/Digital Vision/Getty Images, RF

11. The Nature of Listening
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The Nature of Listening
Culture and sex affect some dimensions of listening behavior
Expectations for directness
Nonverbal listening response
© Pauline St. Denis/Fancy/Photolibrary, RF

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Ways of Listening
The HURIER model explains the stages of effective listening
Hearing
Understanding
Remembering
Interpreting
Evaluating
Responding

13. Hearing Hearing is the physiological dimension of listening
Can be affected by auditory fatigue
Loud party, concerts, large crowds
Can be more difficult as a result of physiological problems

14. Understanding Occurs when we make sense of a message
It is possible to hear and attend to a message without understanding it at all
Listening Fidelity
Describes the degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the message sender is attempting to communicate

15. Remembering The ability to recall information Research suggests
We remember 50% immediately after hearing it
We remember 35% after eight hours
We remember 25% after two months
Residual message
What we remember from the original message
(Everyone Loves Raymond)

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Interpreting

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Evaluating

18. Elements in the Listening Process
Responding
Giving observable feedback to the speaker
Good listeners show they are attentive by nonverbal behaviors
Verbal behavior also demonstrates attention
Communication is a transactional process

19. Ways of Listening People often engage in these types of listening:
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Ways of Listening
People often engage in these types of listening:
Informational listening
Critical listening
Empathic listening

20. Ways of Listening Informational listening means listening to learn
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Ways of Listening
Informational listening means listening to learn
We engage in informational listening when taking notes in class, watching the news, or paying attention to driving directions
Informational listening is a relatively passive process

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Ways of Listening
Critical listening means listening to evaluate or analyze something
We engage in critical listening when we pay attention to a commercial to see whether we want to buy a product
Critical listening doesn’t necessarily mean criticizing what we are hearing; rather, it means evaluating what we are hearing

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Ways of Listening
Empathic listening means trying to understand what the speaker is thinking or feeling
Perspective-taking helps us understand a situation from another’s point of view
Empathic concern is the ability to identify how someone is feeling and to experience those feelings ourselves

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Ways of Listening
Effective listening can occur online as well as face-to-face
It is possible to find people online, such as in support groups, who can listen actively and empathically to what you have to say
© Katarzyna Bialasiewicz/Getty Images, RF

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Ways of Listening
To be an effective listener online, take note of these suggestions:
Be attentive to what others are saying
Remember that words can be misinterpreted
Don’t be a lurker

25. Telephone Do you remember this game as a child? Let’s form a circle.
I will whisper a message in one person’s ear.
We will go around sharing the message through the same medium and manner.
Absolutely no talking aloud!
The last person will say the message

26. Next Time Finish Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Quiz
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Next Time
Finish Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Quiz

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Whip Around
How can listening skills help you in your current and/or future career?
Think about this question.
Be prepared to share aloud with the whole class.

28. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
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Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Noise is a barrier to effective listening
Noise is anything that distracts us from listening to what we wish to listen to
Some noise is physical
Some noise is psychological
Digital Stock/Corbis, RF

29. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
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Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Pseudolistening and selective attention are barriers to effective listening
Pseudolistening means pretending to pay attention to someone
Selective attention means listening only to what we want to hear

30. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Stage-Hogging
Turn the conversation to themselves
Sometimes called conversational narcissists
(Big Bang Theory)

31. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
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Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Information overload is a barrier to effective listening
We are exposed to multiple messages daily
It can be difficult to pay attention to particular messages when we have so many to process
Information overload is especially common online

32. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
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Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Glazing over is a barrier to effective listening
People speak more slowly than we can listen, so our minds can wander when we listen to others
Glazing over can cause us to miss important details, listen uncritically, and make it appear as though we are not listening

33. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Types of Ineffective Listening
Selective Listening
Only responds to the parts of your message that interest them
Can be legitimate
Insulated Listening
Failing to acknowledge information the listener would rather not deal with

34. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
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Common Barriers to Effective Listening
A rebuttal tendency is a barrier to effective listening
Rebuttal tendency means debating a speaker’s point and formulating a reply while the person is still speaking
A rebuttal tendency requires mental energy that should be spent listening and can cause us to miss details

35. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
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Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Closed-mindedness is a barrier to effective listening
Closed-mindedness is the tendency not to listen to anything with which you disagree
Many people are closed-minded only about certain issues, not about everything

36. Common Barriers to Effective Listening
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Common Barriers to Effective Listening
Competitive interrupting is a barrier to effective listening
Competitive interrupting means using interruptions to take control of a conversation
Most interruptions are not competitive

37. The Challenge of Listening
Why We Don’t Listen Better
Message Overload
Preoccupation
Rapid Thought
We can comprehend up to 600 words per minute
The average person speaks between 100 – 150
Effort
Listening is hard work

38. The Challenge of Listening
Why We Don’t Listen Better
External Noise
Faulty Assumptions
We often believe we are listening when we’re not
Lack of Apparent Advantages
It often seems that there is more to gain by speaking
Listening is reciprocal, so you get what you give

39. The Challenge of Listening
Why We Don’t Listen Better
Lack of Training
Listening is hard work and requires practice
The common belief is that listening is like breathing
Hearing problems
Sometimes a person suffers from a physiological hearing problem

40. Becoming a Better Listener
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Becoming a Better Listener
Becoming a better informational listener
Separate what is and is not said
Avoid the confirmation bias
Listen for substance more than style

41. Becoming a Better Listener
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Becoming a Better Listener
Becoming a better critical listener
Be a skeptic
Evaluate a speaker’s credibility
Understand probability

42. Becoming a Better Listener
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Becoming a Better Listener
Becoming a better empathic listener
Listen nonjudgmentally
Acknowledge feelings
Communicate support nonverbally
© Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend Images/Getty Images, RF

43. Types of Listening Responses
Prompting
Using silences and brief statements of encouragement to draw others out
Questioning
Asking for information can help both parties
Questions can also be a tool for the one who answers

44. Types of Listening Responses
Sincere Questions
Aimed at understanding others
Counterfeit Questions
Questions that trap a speaker
Tag question
Questions that make statements
Questions that carry hidden agendas
Questions that seek “correct” answers
Questions based on assumptions

45. Types of Listening Responses
Paraphrasing
Statements that reword the listener's interpretation of a message
Two levels at which you can paraphrase messages
Factual information
Personal information
Can be tool for helping others
Shows your involvement and concern

46. Types of Listening Responses
Paraphrasing
You can make your paraphrasing sound more natural by taking any of these approaches:
Change the speaker’s wording
Offer an example of what you think the speaker is talking about
Reflect the underlying theme of the speaker’s remarks

47. Types of Listening Responses
Paraphrasing
Won’t always be accurate
Gives the other person a chance to make a correction
Factors to consider before you decide to paraphrase:
Is the issue complex enough?
Do you have the necessary time and concern?
Can you withhold judgment?
Is your paraphrasing in proportion to other responses?

48. Types of Listening Responses
Supporting
Reveals a listener’s solidarity with the speaker’s situation
Several types of support:
Empathizing
Agreement
Offers to help
Praise
Reassurance

49. Types of Listening Responses
Supporting
Cold comfort
Deny others the right to their feelings
Minimize the significance of the situation
Focus on “then and there” rather than “here and now”
Cast judgment
Focus on yourself
Defend yourself

50. Types of Listening Responses
Supporting
Guidelines for effective support:
Recognize that you can support another person’s struggles without approving of her or his decisions
Monitor the other person’s reaction to your support
Realize that support may not always be welcome
Make sure you’re ready for the consequences
(The Office)

51. Types of Listening Responses
Analyzing
Offering an interpretation of the speaker’s message
Several guidelines to follow:
Offer your interpretation as tentative rather than absolute fact
Be sure that the other person will be receptive to your analysis
Be sure the motive for offering an analysis is to truly help the other person

52. Types of Listening Responses
Advising
Offering help or potential solutions
Several guidelines to follow:
Is advice needed?
Is advice wanted?
Is the advice given in the right sequence?
Is the advice coming from an expert?
Is the advisor a close and trusted person?
Is the advice offered in a sensitive, face-saving manner?
(parks and rec)

53. Types of Listening Responses
Judging
Responses that evaluate the sender’s thoughts or behaviors in some way
Judgments have the best chance of being received when two conditions exist
The person with the problem should have requested an evaluation from you
The intent of your judgment should be genuinely constructive and not designed as a put-down

54. Types of Listening Responses
Choosing the Best Listening Response
Gender
Women are more likely to give supportive responses when presented with another's problem and are likely to seek out similar responses
Men are less skillful at providing emotional support and are more likely to respond by offering advice or by diverting the topic

55. Types of Listening Responses
Choosing the Best Listening Response
The situation
People are not always looking for advice Sometimes it is better to just listen
The other person
Always remember to whom you are speaking and adapt to the audience
Your personal style
Play to your strengths
Be aware of your weaknesses

56. Think-Pair-Share Get with a partner and discuss these questions:
Is it a good idea to go “topless?” Why or why not?
How can having electronic devices help listening?
How can having electronic devices hinder listening?
Should ALL electronic devices be aloud in college courses? Why or why not?