1. Accommodations for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
K. Mark Derby, Ph.D.
Gonzaga University

2. Teaching Specific I m not going to focus on social skills application
I am going to focus on what I recommend to teachers for instruction.

3. What is Autism?
According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA):
Severe qualitative impairment in:
Reciprocal interaction (i.e., doesn’t have intuitive ability to socialize)
Verbal and nonverbal communication
Restricted range of activities and interests

4. DSM-V
A.      Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative, not exhaustive, see text):
1.       Poor social-emotional reciprocity
2.       Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
3.      Difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts.
imaginative play
making friends
absence of interest in peers.

5. DSM-V
B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities:
1.       Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech.
2.       Insistence on sameness, inflexible. adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns or verbal nonverbal.
3.       Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus.
4.       Hyper- or hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of the environment.

6. Severity Level Level 3: Requiring very substantial support
Typically severe to profound developmental impairment and all of the comorbid problems
Level 2: Requiring substantial support
Typically moderate developmental impairment. Limited Verbal. Taught to routine.
Level 1: Requiring Support
Typically Mild to borderline developmental level. Verbal and most underserved.

7. Where do we serve Level 3: Self-contained with minimal integration.
Level 2: Self-contained with integration in appropriate classes.
Level 1: Extended resource, behavior disorder classrooms, or 504

8. I will focus on Level 1 today
Why: That is the group that is least understood and served.
Will attempt to link to the DSM Symptoms.
I will discuss what I have seen work.

9. Poor social-emotional reciprocity
Inability to recognize and understand others’ thoughts, beliefs, intentions. Implication: Over or under approach. Push right in or never initiate. Outcome: Will be in constant trouble with peers or you will not know they are there. Accommodation: Provide a context for conversation.

10. Provide the context for conversation
Power cards for typical conversational situations (read the paper)
Advanced home work to take away the need to think and be social a the same time (make them the kid with the answers)

11. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors
Implication: Always a step behind because we communicate using verbal words and pragmatics.
Outcome: Will not pick up the teaching ques.
Accommodation: Remove the need for the cue.

12. Provide the cues Guided Notes with direct instruction.
Highlighted notes of specific key points.
Ensure that areas in the written text and are important are provided.
Bottom line: Remove all implicit instruction and make it explicit.

13. Difficulty adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts.
Implication: No recognition too inappropriate recognition. Poor friendships. Bully? Outcome: A constant state of the world misunderstanding what they are communicating to us. Poor friendships. Bully? Accommodation: Providers must have it role off, provide alternative opportunities to respond. Remember the disability is a disability of social behavior.

14. Alternative opportunities to respond.
Wait to respond to the students actions.
For example: Playground problems/bullying- they will not be able to respond effectively without facilitation and time.
Always give them time to think and restate:
“I hate this school, I could blow it up.”
Treat this the same as a kid that is suicidal.
Do you have a plan

15. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
Not a typical concern for Severity 1 students
Biggest issue: If it does not interfere with education do not intervene. Punishment induced aggression.
Severity 2 and 3: Main thing to remember the need to use satiation and deprivation in your favor.

16. sameness, inflexible, ritualized
Inability to adjust to environmental change
Implication: At best, increased level of anxiety. At worst, severe behavior.
Outcome: Systematic permissive consequences.
Accommodation: Provide structure in a unstructured environment.

17. restricted, fixated interests
Inability to adjust to environmental change Implication: Not able to accept alternative topics. Outcome: Noncompliance, severe behavior Accommodation: Adjust the assignment to tap into interests, get to the point (can the student use rote learning of facts)

18. restricted, fixated interests
Attempt to take away the added stress of social engagement and alternative interests (Advanced key points and home work)
For key subject like math, reading and writing. Is it the topic or the skill we are teaching (why that book)
Allow within the Premack Principle

19. Examples Fixated rules: I do not get out of my seat.
Out of batteries? Cannot get up
Basic Skill of reading fluency.
Can they do a Read Naturally context with Star Wars
Premack
This-then-that (Life does not last forever)

20. Sensory Hyper- or Hyporeactivity
Inability to adjust to environmental change
Implication: Either seeking sensory or avoiding sensory
Outcome: Either way will lead to disruption of classroom routines if we let it.
Accommodation: Seeking: Appropriate Activity, Sensory Breaks, Use satiation for your benefit.
Avoiding: Communication is honored, Avoid the Overload.

21. Provide accomodations with this in mind.
Simplify the work into discrete demands.
Avoid multiple senses working at once.
Provide consistent rules.
Pause, Pause, Pause.
There is a disconnect with what is said and what is meant.
Safety through structure.

22. Questions