1. LEARNING

2. Classical Conditioning
Stimulus, Response, Neutral Stimulus, Conditioned Stimulus, and Conditioned Response

3. Who developed classical conditioning?
__________________________ – 1904 Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology

4. Here’s What He Used….. Stimulus Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Conditioned Response (CR)

5. Diagram This Situation...
Connor loves Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough ice cream from Scoops. He never paid much attention to the ice cream scooper they used to scoop the ice cream with until one day the scooper flew out of the server’s hand and hit him in the head and gave him a terrible headache. Now every time, he walks by scoops, he gets a splitting headache.
In the story above, list the following:
Neutral Stimulus (NS): _______________
Response (R): ______________________________
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): __________________
Unconditioned Response (UCR): _________________
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): ___________________
Conditioned Response (CR): ___________________

6. Tough to do when you don’t know what the terms mean
Tough to do when you don’t know what the terms mean. So let’s learn what they mean….

7. What’s a STIMULUS?
A STIMULUS

8. Unconditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that you did not have to be _________ to react to
You react by _________

9. Unconditioned Response
A response that you ___________ have to be ___________ to react to

10. A stimulus that you have to be ___________ to reach to
Conditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that you have to be ___________ to reach to

11. A response that you have to be ____________ to reach to
Conditioned Response
A response that you have to be ____________ to reach to

12. A stimulus that doesn’t mean ________________________
Neutral Stimulus
A stimulus that doesn’t mean ________________________

13. Classical Conditioning
Pavlov studied how a person could __________ a dog’s behavior
He especially focused on ______________

14. Classical Conditioning
Pavlov wanted the dogs to drool every time he __________ a ______________ =

15. What’s happening here? =

16. Now the Learning Process…

17. What’s happening here?
Pavlov then ___________________ as he showed the dog food….
And ____________________________! + =

18. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
So ultimately….. + =
__________________________________becomes a __________________________________
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
__________________________________becomes a __________________________________

19. So ultimately…..
After awhile, Pavlov only had to ring the bell and the dog would drool! =

20. Diagram This Situation...
Connor loves Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough ice cream from Scoops. He never paid much attention to the ice cream scooper they used to scoop the ice cream with until one day the scooper flew out of the server’s hand and hit him in the head and gave him a terrible headache. Now every time, he walks by scoops, he gets a splitting headache.
In the story above, list the following:
Neutral Stimulus (NS): _______________
Response (R): ______________________________
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): __________________
Unconditioned Response (UCR): _________________
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): ___________________
Conditioned Response (CR): ___________________

21. So ultimately…..
You will see the terms of Classical Conditioning everywhere now that you know about them.

22. Extensions of Classical Conditioning

23. What are extensions?
After “discovering” classical conditioning, Pavlov spent of his life expanding upon his ideas. He cam up with some “extensions” that further develop/add on his theory.

24. What are the extensions?
Acquisition
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
Higher-Order Conditioning

25. Acquisition
The Preliminary stage of __________________ – This is when the person first ___________________the events together in their minds (It goes from unconditioned to conditioned)

26. Extinction The ____________________ of a conditioned response.
Occurs when you stop pairing the US and NS/CS and time passes

27. You have to connect the ____ and ____ again for it to re-appear
Spontaneous Recovery
The ____________________ of a conditioned response after a rest period following extinction.
You have to connect the ____ and ____ again for it to re-appear

28. Generalization
When stimuli similar to the neutral stimulus ___________________________ as the neutral stimulus.
“Yay! I love when Mr. C feeds me canned food! NOM NOM NOM NOM NOM NOM NOM NOM”
“Wait a second… IS THAT A CAN I HEAR???”
“Yay! I’m about to get food! …Where is it???”

29. Discrimination
When an organism __________________________________as the neutral stimulus.
Opposite of generalization. Don’t confuse this with social psych’s discrimination.
“Yay! I love when Mr. C feeds me canned food! NOM NOM NOM NOM NOM NOM NOM NOM”
“Since I’m not being fed I think I’ll go spin instead.”
“I just heard Mr. C open a can of soda.
Not gonna fall for that one, bro.”

30. Higher-Order Conditioning
After classical conditioning has successfully been established, ____________________________________________________________with the previously conditioned stimulus.

31. Cognitive Processes of CC
Does classical conditioning work as well on humans as it does on animals?
_____, because of our _____________ and _________________________

32. Classical Conditioning and Phobias

33. What are your PHOBIAS?
Are you Superstitious?
#1 – 12 – Answer Y or N

34. What are your PHOBIAS? Are you Superstitious? #1 – 12 – Answer Y or N
1. Do you go out of your way to walk around ladders instead of under them?
2. Do you ever rearrange your room, change your hairstyle, or do other things in the hope of changing your luck?

35. 4. Do you feel, “uh-oh” when a black cat crosses your path?
What are your PHOBIAS?
Are you Superstitious?
#1 – 12 – Answer Y or N
3. Do you have a good luck piece like a rabbit’s foot or a special coin or stone?
4. Do you feel, “uh-oh” when a black cat crosses your path?

36. 5. On Friday the 13th, are you a little more cautious than usual?
What are your PHOBIAS?
Are you Superstitious?
#1 – 12 – Answer Y or N
5. On Friday the 13th, are you a little more cautious than usual?
6. Do you feel that supporting an athletic team somehow helps them win?

37. What are your PHOBIAS? Are you Superstitious? #1 – 12 – Answer Y or N
7. Do you avoid stepping on cracks in the sidewalks?
8. Do you believe in the “7 years of bad luck” for a broken mirror?

38. What are your PHOBIAS? Are you Superstitious? #1 – 12 – Answer Y or N
9. Do you have a lucky number?
10. Do you have a lucky color?

39. 11. Do you regularly read your horoscope in the newspaper or online?
What are your PHOBIAS?
Are you Superstitious?
#1 – 12 – Answer Y or N
11. Do you regularly read your horoscope in the newspaper or online?
12. Do you sometimes feel it’s luckier to do thinks in a certain order?

40. What are your PHOBIAS? Count Your No’s 10 – 12 = Not at all
8 -9 = Hardly
5 – 7 = Average
3 – 4 = Fairly
0 – 2 = LOOK OUT!

41. What are your PHOBIAS?
Superstitious

42. What are your PHOBIAS?
Phobia

43. Top Ten Phobias
Phobia

44. Top Ten Phobias
10.

45. Top Ten Phobias 9.

46. Top Ten Phobias 8.

47. Top Ten Phobias 7.

48. Top Ten Phobias 6.

49. Top Ten Phobias 5.

50. Top Ten Phobias 4.

51. Top Ten Phobias 3.

52. Top Ten Phobias 2.

53. Top Ten Phobias 1.

54. Phobic Anxiety Disorder
Typical Symptoms include:

55. Reducing Fears and Phobias
Flooding

56. Reducing Fears and Phobias
Counterconditioning

57. Reducing Fears and Phobias
Bell and Pad Methods
US =
UR =
CS =
CR =

58. All of these are Classical Conditioning
John B. Watson and Little Albert
US =
UR =
CS =
CR =

59. Operant Conditioning

60. I was the first person to ask for rewards!!! 
Edward Thorndike
I was the first person to ask for rewards!!! 
Thorndike came up with the ____________________________________________________________________ around 1900.

61. B.F. Skinner
B.F. Skinner extended and formalized Thorndike’s ideas beginning around 1940.
B.F. Skinner is best known for ______________________________________________

62. B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning – _____________________________________________________________________
For example, if our actions result in people getting angry or disliking us, we are being operant conditioned to believe the world is a dangerous place.

63. B.F. Skinner
Reinforcement –

64. Operant Chamber or Skinner Box

65. Shaping

66. The Consequence of Behavior Reinforcement
When your dog begs for food at the table, and you give him/her a scrap. _______________________________________

67. FUN! Positive Reinforcement Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Examples:
Hungry rewards with food.
Athletes reward with playing time.
Your 16 reward with Driving.
FUN!

68. Not FUN! Negative Reinforcement Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Examples:
Hot sun, we move to shade.
Tired, we go to sleep.
Take out trash to avoid mom yelling.
Not FUN!

69. Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Behavior:
Positive Reinforcement
Result:
Negative
Reinforcement:

70. Punishments F

71. Problems with Punishments1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

72. Do you agree with spanking in school?
Punishments
Do you agree with spanking in school?

73. Punishments Positive Punishment Same child – 13 days later
Types of Punishments
Positive Punishment
Example:
Same child – 13 days later

74. Which punishment hurts more?
Punishments
Types of Punishments
Negative Punishment
Example:
Which punishment hurts more?

75. Primary and Secondary Reinforcement
Primary Reinforcement

76. Primary and Secondary Reinforcement

77. Reinforcement Schedules
Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement
Reinforcing a response only part of the time – 4 types
1. Fixed-Ratio Schedules (FR) –
– Example:
2. Variable-Ratio Schedules (VR) –
– Example:

78. Reinforcement Schedules
Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement
3. Fixed-Interval Schedule (FI) –
– Example:
4. Variable-Interval Schedules (VI) –
– Example:

79. Why do we act stupid??? 1. 2.

80. Cognitive Factors in Learning

81. Cognitive Factors in Learning
Cognitive Learning

82. Cognitive Factors in Learning
Two Type of Cognitive Learning

83. Cognitive Factors in Learning
Latent Learning
E.C. Tolman

84. Cognitive Factors in Learning
Cognitive Maps
E.C. Tolman

85. Cognitive Factors in Learning
Insight and Learning
Insight –
Chimps acted as if they understood the problem
Chimps rarely tried a solution that didn’t work out. The animals often reached a solution suddenly
Wolfgang Kohler

86. Cognitive Factors in Learning
Observational Learning
Mirror Neurons
Do-er
Watcher

87. Cognitive Factors in Learning
Alfred Bandura
Showed that we acquire knowledge by MODELING
MODELING –