1. A History of Genocide

2. North America
1492: Estimated indigenous population before European contact ~12 million
1900: Estimated population ~250,000

3. USA Indian (Native) Wars Assimilation
Indian Removal policy (Reservations)

4. Canada
Beothuk (Newfoundland) wiped out by conflict with European fishermen
Tuberculosis (laced in traded clothing)

5. South America
1880’s: Campaign by Argentine President Julio Roca to exterminate native population

6. Australia 1800’s: The Black War
Conflict between British Colonists and Tasman Aborigines
Introduced Eurasian infectious diseases, to which the Tasmanian Aborigines had no immunity
Tasmanian Aboriginal population that they were reported to have been exterminated

7. Congo 1800’s: Belgium slavery of Congo for rubber production
Starvation, exhaustion

8. Namibia
Early 1900’s: Germans poisoned water sources in combat against native peoples

9. Ireland 1845: Potato Famine (crop failure)
British policy was to allow mass starvation
Approximately 1 million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland
Led to eventual Irish indepedence from British Crown

10. Japan 1615: Tokugawa bans Christianity
Tens-of-thousands of Christians ordered to be persecuted
Fear of takeover from Portugal and Spain at the advice of Dutch and British (wanting to secure trade routes)

11. Philippines 1898: USA wins the Spanish War
USA takes control of Philippines
Philippines declares Independence
USA employs “Kill & Burn” tactics
Close to 1 million killed over 15 years

12. Russia
1800’s: Russian Empire conducts Ethnic Cleansing of Circassians (Muslim)
Along the northeast shore of the Black Sea. It is the ancestral homeland of the Circassian people.

13. Nazi Germany 1941-1945: Holocaust
Targets: Jews, Gypsies, Polish, Soviets, Homosexuals
5-7 million people killed

14. Croatia
: Ustasha regime conducts mass murder of Serbians, Jews and Gypsies
Concentration camps (independent of Nazis)

15. Turkey
: Extermination and deportation of Armenian people by the Ottoman Empire
Was implemented in two phases: 1) killing of able-bodied male population 2) deportation of women, children and elderly to death march through the Syrian Desert.
1-1.5 million people killed

16. Soviet Union
: The Holodomor: Ukrainians hit by deliberate famine orchestrated by Russians (Stalin)
An attempt to re-direct resources (mainly grain) to Russia
~10 million die of starvation
Slightly ironic considering what is happening today…

17. China 1958-1962: Social and Economic reform under Mao Zedong
“The Great Leap Forward” – transformation from agrarian economy (agricultural dependant) to an industrial one.
Almost 70 million dead
Starvation, forced labor, execution

18. Bangladesh 1971: Pakistani attempt extermination of Bengali and Hindus
1-3 million killed

19. Burundi 1972: Hutus massacred by Tutsi in response to rebellion
150,000 killed

20. Cambodia
1975: Khmer Rouge (Communist party) organizes mass killing of suspect groups, enforcing of self-sufficiency
Targets: Vietnamese, Chinese, Thai
1.7 million killed (some from treatable diseases such as malaria)
1996: Democratic National Union Movement, led by former leader of Khmer Rouge is formed (granted Amnesty)
Khmer Rouge officially dissolved in 1999.

21. Lebanon 1982: Sabra-Shatila Massacre
Massacre at Palestinian refugee camps
More than 3,000 (unconfirmed) civilians killed
Led by Lebanese Christian militia

22. Afghanistan 1979-1989: Soviet Invasion
Afghans killed by Soviet-led Afghan Forces to suppress resistance (Two alliance groups: Peshawar Seven and the Tehran Eight)
Weapons and money supplied from US, UK and Saudi Arabia

23. Iraq
1988: Campaign to destroy Kurdish factions from two differing political parties
Kurdish factions from Iran and Turkey drawn into war
Involvement from the US
Chemical weapons, poison gas

24. Tibet 1988- China under investigation of genocide in Tibet
Goal of cultural assimilation of Tibetans
Government assisted exile

25. East Timor 1975-1999: Invasion of East Timor by Indonesia
150,000 killed
Starvation
Chemical weapons

26. Bosnia
: organized killing of Bosnian Muslims by Serbian Republic

27. Rwanda
1994: Tutsis and moderate Hutus killed by Hutu extremist militia
1 million people killed in 100 days
“Fastest Genocide in History”

28. Sudan
?: Janjaweed militia conduct Ethnic Clensing of non-muslim groups in Darfur region
Supported by Sudanese government
500,000+ killed