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Published byValentine Underwood Modified over 6 years ago
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Habitat vs. Niche Habitat- the place in which an organism lives out its life Niche - the role a species plays in a community; its total way of life A niche is determined by the tolerance limitations of an organism, or a limiting factor. Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.
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Competitive Exclusion Principle
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same place at the same time. One species will be eliminated from a community because of competition for the same limited resource.
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Limiting Factors Limiting factor- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment or causes population growth to decrease. Most of the time the limiting factor is a resource in insufficient supply.
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Limiting Factors Examples of limiting factors - Amount of water
Amount of food Temperature Amount of space Availability of mates Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.
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Limiting Factors Density-dependent limiting factor — factor that only limits growth of a population when the population density reaches a certain level (overcrowding). Examples: food, water, shelter, competition, predation, parasitism, and disease
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Limiting Factors Density-independent limiting factors — these limit growth regardless of the population size. Examples: unusual weather, natural disasters, seasonal cycles, and human activities
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Resources Renewable Resources—a resource that can regenerate quickly and that is replaceable. Examples: sunlight, trees, etc…
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Resources Nonrenewable Resources—a resource that cannot be replenished by natural processes. Example: fossil fuels
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Competition—interaction in which organisms of the same or different species attempt to use the same ecological resource in the same place at the same time. Competition
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Predator/Prey—interaction in which one organism captures, KILLS, and feeds on another organism.
Predation
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Symbiotic Relationships
Symbiosis- two species living together 3 Types of symbiosis: 1. Commensalism 2. Parasitism 3. Mutualism Cleaning shrimp
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= 1 species Type of relationship Species harmed Species benefits
Species neutral Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism = 1 species
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Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism- one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. orchids on a tree Epiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called xerophyte, air plant.
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Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism- one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. polar bears and cyanobacteria You can see here that this polar bear is no longer white.
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Commensalism Whale & Barnacles Shark & Remora
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Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism- one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host) Parasite-Host relationship
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Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism- parasite-host Ex. lampreys, leeches, fleas, ticks, tapeworm, Not considered predator-prey because goal is not to KILL host
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Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism- beneficial to both species Cleaner Shrimp & Fish Bee & Flower The Egyptian plover takes insects from the backs of buffaloes, giraffes and rhinos. The plover has also been observed taking leeches from the open mouths of crocodiles! In this association the plover receives a supply of food and the other animal rids itself of unwelcome pests
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Egyptian Plover & Crocodile
Mutualism Egyptian Plover & Crocodile
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Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism- beneficial to both species Lichen Fungus + Bluegreen Algae The Egyptian plover takes insects from the backs of buffaloes, giraffes and rhinos. The plover has also been observed taking leeches from the open mouths of crocodiles! In this association the plover receives a supply of food and the other animal rids itself of unwelcome pests
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