1. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

2. SPAIN´S TERRITORY AND POPULATION

3. 1. SPAIN´S TERRITORY
Spain organise their territory according to administrative divisions, set by the 1978 Constitution.
They provide the structure for local and regional public administration.
We have a LOCAL ADMINISTRATION and an AUTONOMOUS ADMINISTRATION.

4. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION
The municipalities are the basic territorial entities of the Spanish State.
The municipal council (councillors and mayors) are elected by universal suffrage –the mayor is elected by the councillors-.
The MANCOMUNIDADES are a form of association between municipalities.
Municipalities provide services to the population.
The province is made up by a group of municipalities. They provide services to the population. Its provincial government and administration is undertaken by the Provincial Council.
On the Balearic Islands and in Canarias, each island has its own administrative entity (Island Councils on the Balearic I. and Inter-Islands Councils in Canarias).

5. AUTONOMOUS ADMINISTRATION
The AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY is a territorial entity composed of neighbouring provinces or island territories.
They are responsible for governing their region on a number of specific matters.
The government is controlled by the GOVERNING COUNCIL (president and ministers of the AC)
Laws are made by the AUTONOMOUS PARLIAMENT.
CEUTA and MELILLA are AUTONOMOUS CITIES.

6. 2. THE SPANISH POPULATION
The sources for its study are:
Censuses, which are made each 10 years
Municipal registers of inhabitants, continuously refreshed
POPULATION DENSITY: this is obtained by dividing a territory´s total population by its area, the result is expressed as number of people per km2.

7. In 2013, there were 47 millions inhabitants in Spain
In 2013, there were 47 millions inhabitants in Spain. They were unevenly distributed:
POPULATION IS CONCENTRATED in Madrid, the periphery of the Peninsula, Balearic I., Canary I., Ceuta and Melilla.
DEPOPULATION is located in the Peninsula inland areas and the mountain regions.

8. 3. DEMOGRAPHIC DYNAMISM
Population changes over the course of time, due to two types of movement:
Natural movement: it is the increase or decrease of the population in a place due to natural causes (births and deaths). The difference between them is the rate of natural increase.
Migratory movements are the population movement from one place to another. We have internal migration (rural exodus) and overseas migration. The causes are natural, political and economic. The difference between them is the net migration rate.

9. BIRTH RATE is the number of births that occur amongst one population over the course of a year. The factors that influence the birth rate are biological (age of mothers), socioeconomic (women´s professional activity), cultural (marriage age, birth control), political (measures implemented).
DEATH RATE is the number of deaths occurring in a population over the course of a year. The factors are also varied (biological, such as tendency to longevity, or gender; socioeconomic, such as types of profession or living standards; cultural, such as education levels; political, such as the provision of basic services-health care).

10. 4. SPANISH POPULATION EVOLUTION
Pre-industrial demographic regime (to the beginning of XX c.): high birth rate, high general mortality rate. Low rate of natural increase.
Demographic transition ( ): the birth rate fell slowly, the mortality rate fell rapidly: high rate of natural increase.
Modern demographic regime (1975): low birth rate and low death rate: very low rate of natural increase.

11. 5. MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS IN SPAIN
Between 1875 and 1975 Spain was a country of emigration. Mainly young agricultural workers emigrated in search for a better life.
They emigrated both to industrial regions in Spain, such as Basque Country, Madrid and Catalonia, and Latin America (until the 1960th) and Western Europe.
Today, since 1995, Spain has been a country of emigration (from European Union and developing countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa), mainly to Madrid, the Mediterranean A.C. and the Canary Islands.

12. 6. POPULATION STRUCTURE BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE:
Geography also analyses the internal composition or structure of population. It classifies population according to its biological (sex and gender) and economic (profession, activity and unemployment) characteristics.
BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE:
there is a greater number of young men, but the number of women is increasing as they grow older.
The age composition distincts among the young (0-14 years old), adult (15-64) and elderly (65 and over) populations.
This composition is represented on a graph, referred to as POPULATION PYRAMID.

13. ECONOMIC STRUCTURE:
The active population is the part of the population which have or seek paid work. They work in terms of economic sectors.
The inactive population is the part of the population which hasn´t any paid work (students, pensioneers, hausewifes, etc.).