1. Representing climate change poses four challenges
rendering the intangible accessible to the senses
making the spatial and temporal scale meaningful
doing justice to the interaction of human and natural agency
avoiding distortion through narrative closure.
Timothy Morton, Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World, University of Minnesota Press, 2013
Timothy Clark, Ecocriticism on the Edge, The Anthropocene as a Threshold Concept, 2015 ‚scalar derangement‘

2. Non-realist narrative
Literary realism
Jonathan Franzen, Freedom, 2010
Barbara Kingsolver, Flight Behaviour, 2012
Kim Stanley Robinson, ‚Science in the Capital‘ trilogy,
Paolo Bacigalupi, The Windup Girl, 2011
Non-realist narrative
Jeanette Winterson, The Stone Gods, 2007
Dale Pendell, The Great Bay, 2010
Alexis Wright, Carpentaria, 2006; The Swan Book, 2013
David Brin, Earth, 1990
Emmi Itäranta, Memory of Water, 2014
W.G. Sebald, The Rings of Saturn, 1995
Max Frisch, Man in the Holocene, 1980

3. Franz Friedrich,
The Tits of Uusimaa Have Stopped Singing (2014)

6. Siberian Tits or Grey-headed Chickadees
The Siberian Tit (Parus cinctus or Poecile cincta) -
also known as Grey-headed Chickadee - is resident
(non-migratory) and widespread throughout subarctic
Scandinavia and northern Asia, and also into North
America in Alaska and the far northwest of Canada.

7. Conclusion
Alexa Weik von Mossner, Affective Ecologies. Empathy, Emotion and Environmental
Narrative, Ohio State University Press, 2017
Erin James and Eric Morel, Ecocriticism and Narrative Theory, Ohio State University
Press, forthcoming
How do environmental narratives invite us to care for human and nonhuman others who are at risk? Writers draw on a repertoire of narrative and rhetorical techniques to engage readers sensually and emotionally. Techniques cueing the readers’ imagination which merit further study:
the role of realism
organisation of space and time
narrative focalisation and perspective
forms or narration, narrative voice
alignment of the environment with characters
attribution and enactment of consciousness
authorial strategic empathy
anthropomorphism