1. The Cold War: “Super” Collision
U.S. versus U.S.S.R.
1960s, 1970s & 1980s

2. The Cold War: 1960s Leadership of the 1960s
John F. Kennedy (U.S.: 1960 –1963)
Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Union: –1964)

3. The Cold War: 1960s Flexible Response
the U.S. can respond to aggression across a broad spectrum of warfare; not only to nuclear arms
Called for building up stock of conventional weapons
Began with the construction of ICBMs (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles)

5. The Cold War: 1960s Bay of Pigs Invasion (April, 1961)
U.S. backed invasion by anti-Castro Cuban exiles
FAILURE! No air support
Americans embarrassed since JFK & CIA planned the invasion

6. The Cold War: 1960s Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962)
Major confrontation between the US & USSR
Nuclear missiles site discovered in Cuba
Kennedy placed blockade on the island
Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles
A “Hot Line” was established between the White House and the Kremlin
US agreed to remove nuclear weapons from Turkey

8. The Cold War: 1960s Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall began construction in 1961
Separated East and West Berlin
What does this mean for Germany?

10. Berlin Wall: construction begins in 1961

11. The Cold War: 1970s Leadership of the 1970s
Richard Nixon (US: )
Leonid Brezhnev (USSR: )
Policy of Détente
A policy of “relaxation” in the relations between the US and Soviet Union
This DOES NOT mean that the US stopped fighting communism…just relaxed…

12. The Cold War: 1970s Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I)
The US & the USSR signed a 5 year agreement to limit the number of “intercontinental ballistic and submarine launched missiles”

13. Toward the end of the Cold War it got WARMER…
Warsaw Pact Countries became nationalistic
they got tired of Soviet domination
Awful Soviet economy
communism couldn’t keep up with capitalism
Ronald Reagan won the arms race
Mikhail Gorbachev let USSR see the West
Soviet people want what west has
Expansion of NATO
NATO got more powerful
USSR collapses
countries demand independence

14. The Cold War: 1980s Leadership of the 1980s Ronald Reagan (1981 –1989)
Mikhail Gorbachev (1985 –1991)

15. The Cold War: 1980s Gorbachev’s Policies Glasnost (openness)
Free flow of ideas
Perestroika (economic restructuring)
Small businesses allowed to open
Glasnost (openness)
Free flow of ideas
Churches opened, dissidents released from prison, reporters could resume criticisms
Perestroika (economic restructuring)
Revive economy
Small businesses allowed to open
Managers given more control over farms and factories

16. The Cold War: 1980s Fall of the Berlin Wall
By the late 1980s, the East Germans were furious that their government had completely closed its borders; no one could leave
Horrible conditions – PROTESTS!
On November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall was finally opened
Completely destroyed by 1990

18. The Cold War: 1990s
By December , all satellite nations had declared independence from the Soviet Union
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Loose federation of the former USSR
Marks the death of the Soviet Union